August 2006 in “Experimental dermatology” Human scalp hair follicles can produce and respond to several hormones, affecting hair growth and pigmentation.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's cyclic Cushing syndrome was caused by a tumor in her adrenal gland that produced ACTH.
5 citations
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May 2020 in “Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology” Bone growth is controlled by both internal and external signals, involving stem cells and tissue interactions.
9 citations
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August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
Smad4 is crucial for muscle repair, especially in aging, by promoting cell growth over differentiation.
248 citations
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December 2011 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Neurosteroids are crucial for stress response, and targeting specific receptors may help treat certain disorders.
December 2018 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Neurohormones help control skin health and could treat skin disorders.
8 citations
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January 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Transglutaminase activity is important for skin and is found in both mammals and birds.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A woman's rare benign tumor that released both cortisol and testosterone was successfully removed, improving her health.
July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin produces different hormones depending on body part and sex, and a new method can measure them.
14 citations
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July 2021 in “Bioscience Reports” Activating Tgr5 may help treat hair loss and bone loss.
December 2009 in “Saengmyeong gwahag hoeji/Saengmyeong gwahak hoeji” Thymosin β4 and VEGF are important for blood vessel formation in many organs.
147 citations
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April 1997 in “Oncogene” Overexpressing IGF-1 in mice leads to skin abnormalities and tumors.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” Early advanced therapies are crucial for better survival in aggressive insulinoma cases.
Androgens increase norepinephrine release, promoting smooth muscle growth in male sex organs, which may contribute to benign prostatic hypertrophy.
6 citations
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April 1996 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” TGF-alpha is present in sheep and ferret skin and may affect hair growth without directly stimulating cell proliferation.
60 citations
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August 2005 in “Endocrinology” αMSH may help regulate immune responses in hair follicles and its disruption could lead to hair loss.
14 citations
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March 1987 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
176 citations
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January 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.
8 citations
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September 2021 in “EMBO Molecular Medicine” A new small peptide may help hair growth by activating a specific receptor and should be tested in humans.
1 citations
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February 2022 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” TDM10842, a thyroid hormone receptor activator, was found to effectively promote hair growth in mice.
22 citations
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November 2017 in “Scientific Reports” The pituitary gland functions normally even after losing most SOX2+ stem cells.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” A rare tumor caused unusual hormone production leading to Cushing syndrome.
November 2011 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TRH in hair follicles can influence hair color by increasing melanin.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin and hair cells release serotonin and histamine naturally, which could help improve skin health.
111 citations
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June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal” Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.
SMAD4 is crucial for muscle repair in young adults but not in aged mice.
28 citations
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August 2000 in “Current Opinion in Chemical Biology” Future osteoporosis treatments should focus on increasing bone growth, with many promising options available.
34 citations
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August 2016 in “Scientific Reports” Blocking TGFβ-RI signaling enhances surface ectoderm differentiation from human stem cells.