1533 citations
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October 2008 in “Endocrine reviews” Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.
991 citations
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January 2011 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.
855 citations
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
658 citations
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June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
506 citations
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January 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.
343 citations
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December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
251 citations
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October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
212 citations
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September 2008 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.
173 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
171 citations
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October 1990 in “Alcoholism/Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research” The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.
166 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
163 citations
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March 2012 in “BMC biology” Stem cell niches support, regulate, and coordinate stem cell functions.
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
149 citations
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June 2002 in “Veterinary record/The veterinary record” Trilostane effectively improved symptoms in dogs with a certain adrenal gland disorder.
127 citations
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June 2008 in “British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.
122 citations
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July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
118 citations
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May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
106 citations
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November 2014 in “Cell Stem Cell” New single-cell analysis techniques are improving our understanding of stem cells and could help in treating diseases.
103 citations
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October 2003 in “Birth Defects Research” Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.
100 citations
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May 2011 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for managing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia effectively.
98 citations
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February 2007 in “Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology” Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.
93 citations
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June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
88 citations
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April 2017 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” The document concludes that early diagnosis and treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are crucial for preventing serious health issues and improving patient outcomes.
86 citations
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May 2013 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.
86 citations
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July 1993 in “Drugs” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.
86 citations
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March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
82 citations
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September 2018 in “Nature Communications” A certain smell receptor in hair follicles can affect hair growth when activated by a synthetic sandalwood scent.
81 citations
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June 2014 in “American Journal of Men's Health” Finasteride can cause lasting sexual, emotional, and cognitive issues, with varying severity.
80 citations
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August 2002 in “Journal of Dermatology” Best hair growth results from combining finasteride and minoxidil.
75 citations
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November 2016 in “Medicines” Beta-sitosterol has potential health benefits but needs more research to fully understand its effects and improve its use in treatments.