211 citations
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June 2012 The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
151 citations
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November 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.
150 citations
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August 1992 in “Genes & Development” TNF alpha in skin cells causes weight loss, hair and fat issues, and skin inflammation in mice.
122 citations
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April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
94 citations
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May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
67 citations
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January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Nanoparticles don't penetrate intact skin but can enter through pores or damaged skin.
62 citations
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October 2010 in “Journal of biomedical nanotechnology” Nanoparticles can enter the skin, potentially causing toxicity, especially in damaged skin.
62 citations
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May 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Sebaceous glands in the skin play a key role in absorbing the antiandrogen drug RU 58841, especially when it's encapsulated in liposomes.
61 citations
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May 2016 in “Scientific reports” The peptide IMT-P8 can effectively deliver proteins into the skin and cells for potential skin treatments.
60 citations
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January 2023 in “Biomaterials Science” PLGA-based microneedles are promising for safe and effective skin delivery of drugs and vaccines.
55 citations
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June 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Ablative fractional resurfacing could improve how well topical drugs penetrate the skin, but more research is needed to fine-tune the method.
34 citations
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October 1994 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Ethanol over 50% helps minoxidil absorb better into skin.
33 citations
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June 2007 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The conclusion is that measuring how drugs partition into artificial sebum is important for predicting their delivery into hair and sebaceous follicles, and it provides better information than traditional methods.
29 citations
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September 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Transcutol® helps drugs penetrate the skin more effectively in various formulations.
22 citations
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November 2018 in “Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” New physical methods like electrical currents, ultrasound, and microneedles show promise for improving drug delivery through the skin.
21 citations
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January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Liposomes and iontophoresis effectively deliver protective enzymes into the skin against UV damage.
20 citations
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June 2016 in “Magnesium research” Hair follicles help magnesium get through the skin more effectively.
19 citations
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October 2020 in “Biomedical Microdevices” Derma rollers show promise for skin improvement and drug delivery, but more research is needed on their safety and effectiveness.
19 citations
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December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
16 citations
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March 2008 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Different factors like pH, gel type, and chemical enhancers affect how well hydrocortisone gets into hair follicles, and less hydrated skin doesn't work well with the test method.
14 citations
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April 2019 in “Saudi pharmaceutical journal” Microparticles help caffeic acid stay longer in hair follicles for better treatment of folliculitis.
12 citations
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June 2022 in “FARMACIA” Transethosomal gels improve naftifine skin delivery better than Exoderil cream.
11 citations
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January 2006 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy” Adding TPGS to minoxidil solutions can improve skin penetration and retention, especially in water and PEG 400-based solutions.
8 citations
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June 2019 in “Pharmaceutical research” Applying heat with certain chemicals can greatly improve how well isotretinoin gets into the skin through hair follicles.
8 citations
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January 2000 Terbinafine effectively stops fungal invasion of human keratin.
7 citations
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October 2017 in “Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology” Finasteride-loaded ethosomes improve hair loss treatment by targeting pilosebaceous unit.
5 citations
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October 2014 in “Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy” Combining physical dermabrasion with chemical peeling is more effective for skin treatment than chemical peeling alone.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Rubbing increases drug absorption through hair follicles.
1 citations
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January 2025 in “BIO Integration” Combining ultrasound and microneedles improves drug delivery through the skin.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia” Microneedles offer a painless, effective way to deliver drugs through the skin.