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August 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The ventral matrix is the main source of the nail plate.
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June 1994 in “Experimental Cell Research” mHa2 and mHa3 keratins have different structures and roles in mouse hair and tongue tissues.
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May 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A new keratin, hK6irs1, is found in all layers of the hair follicle's inner root sheath.
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December 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Keratin patterns in hair follicles help understand hair growth and potential hair and nail disorders.
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March 2013 in “Biology Letters” Early tetrapod keratins evolved into toe pad proteins in amphibians and hair proteins in mammals.
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September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Keratins in Malayan pangolins vary by region, suggesting scales evolved from the tail towards the head.
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April 1988 in “Differentiation” Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.
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November 1989 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin K14 expression varies between hair follicles and epidermis, affecting cell differentiation.
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November 2013 in “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education” Keratins are crucial proteins for hair and nails, with a structure that helps teach protein principles.
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February 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Two new proteins, hKAP1.6 and hKAP1.7, are found in the hair follicle cortex.
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January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology” Keratins change and are modified differently in skin layers and body parts.
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December 1996 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” Mouse hair keratins mHa1 and mHb4 can't form a strong network on their own in cells.
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January 2002 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Trichocyte filaments have a low-density core and may include proteins for hair structure.
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April 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Keratin 2e shows a unique pattern in developing fetal skin, different from other keratins.
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June 2002 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Advancements in hair keratin research could lead to better hair health treatments.
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
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July 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Human hair keratin genes are similar to mouse genes and are specifically expressed in hair follicles.
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September 2004 in “American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics” Mutations in keratin genes cause cell fragility and various skin disorders.
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April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.