103 citations
,
June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.
81 citations
,
May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
46 citations
,
October 2018 in “JCI insight” CD8+ T cells are involved in alopecia areata and may cause disease relapse.
21 citations
,
November 2010 in “Talanta” Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.
18 citations
,
March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
11 citations
,
October 2002 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Formalin-induced pain increases testosterone breakdown in the rat brain and spinal cord.
2 citations
,
September 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” T-regulatory cells are important for skin health and can affect hair growth and reduce skin inflammation.
January 2022 in “Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics” COVID-19 can cause temporary hair loss, known as Telogen Effluvium, within two months of infection.
February 2026 in “Nature Communications” A specific group of immune and skin cells may cause chronic inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
October 2025 in “Science Advances” IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.
September 2024 in “Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association” A 589 nm laser increases IL-2 and IFN-y gene expression in human T-cells.
January 2023 in “Discovery immunology” T cells and bacteria in the gut and skin help maintain health and protect against disease.
January 2023 in “Journal of men's health” Higher dihydrotestosterone may be linked to more inflammation in COVID-19 patients with low testosterone.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
53 citations
,
August 2019 in “American journal of human genetics” FOXN1 gene variants cause low T cells and immune issues from birth.
34 citations
,
July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.
21 citations
,
December 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” T-cells in alopecia areata scalp show abnormal regulation, leading to less inflammation.
8 citations
,
July 2018 in “Analytical sciences” Using 5-butylpicolinate esters improves the sensitivity and reliability of detecting testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in saliva.
8 citations
,
July 2017 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” DHT affects testicular development and regulates spermatogenesis in some fish.
8 citations
,
October 2016 in “Experimental dermatology” Hair follicles may help teach the immune system to tolerate new self-antigens, but this can sometimes cause hair loss.
7 citations
,
October 1988 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Minoxidil may help hair regrowth in alopecia areata by affecting T-cells.
6 citations
,
January 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mast cells and CD8 T cells interact closely in skin diseases, affecting each other's behavior and contributing to conditions like psoriasis and eczema.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.
4 citations
,
June 2025 in “Cell Reports” Clonally expanded CD8+ T cells cause alopecia areata.
1 citations
,
May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology” CD4 T cells can cause alopecia areata by activating CD8 T cells to attack hair follicles.
1 citations
,
November 2018 in “immuneACCESS” Expanded CD8+ T cells are linked to Alopecia Areata and may cause relapse after treatment.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Recent Innovations in Medicine and Clinical Research” Understanding different types of hair loss helps in accurate diagnosis and treatment.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Ritlecitinib reduces alopecia areata symptoms by blocking JAK3/TEC signaling and T-cell activity.
January 2019 in “The Review of Laser Engineering” Multiphoton excitation microscopy is a promising tool for deep tissue imaging and clinical applications.
March 2024 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease” Deferoxamine may help protect inner ear cells from damage caused by oxidative stress.