81 citations
,
May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
40 citations
,
June 2009 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” AGA patients have fewer hairs and smaller follicles; T:V ratio above 4:1 may indicate AGA.
20 citations
,
August 2009 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Occipital scalp affects female hair loss; terminal/vellus ratio helps diagnose androgenetic alopecia.
4 citations
,
August 2020 in “Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine” Combining growth factors with minoxidil improves hair growth more than minoxidil alone.
April 2019 in “Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research” The grey patch variant of tinea capitis is most common, mainly spread through family and animals.
April 2012 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks” AGA is a common hair loss affecting both genders, treated with various therapies to promote regrowth and slow thinning.
147 citations
,
November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.
7 citations
,
May 2020 in “Trends in molecular medicine” The document concludes that the immune-inhibitory environment of the hair follicle may prevent melanoma development.
5 citations
,
February 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Different immune cells like platelets, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and innate lymphoid cells all play roles in skin wound healing, but more research is needed due to inconsistent results and the complex nature of the immune response.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Psoriasis involves immune and genetic factors, and understanding these can improve treatments.
January 2010 in “Journal of Animal Science” Transcutaneous vaccination using nanoparticles can enhance immune responses and reduce basal cell carcinomas.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
82 citations
,
October 1980 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The child's body didn't respond well to vitamin D, causing hair loss and rickets.
45 citations
,
October 2018 in “JCI Insight” Entospletinib effectively prevents eye and skin GVHD in mice.
28 citations
,
April 2014 in “Hormones” Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.
24 citations
,
September 2011 in “Autoimmunity” Natural killer cells play a key role in autoimmune skin diseases like pemphigus vulgaris.
20 citations
,
January 2000 in “Dermatologic Clinics” New psoriasis treatments are effective but come with side effects and risks.
18 citations
,
April 2016 in “Molecular Genetics and Genomics” Thymosin beta 4 may help hair growth and could be a treatment for hair issues.
18 citations
,
January 2002 in “Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin” New pregnane derivatives were more effective than finasteride at inhibiting a key enzyme for male pattern baldness.
12 citations
,
March 2010 in “Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances” Young and adult hamsters both respond similarly to testosterone and finasteride treatments, but young hamsters aren't good for testing the inhibitory activity of a specific enzyme.
7 citations
,
March 2020 in “Journal of King Saud University. Science/Maǧallaẗ ǧāmiʹaẗ al-malik Saʹūd. al-ʹUlūm” AiQingHua oil improves blood flow and promotes hair growth in mice.
4 citations
,
March 2017 in “Al-Mi’galaẗ al-sa'udiyaẗ lī-ulum al-ḥayaẗ” Leonuri Herba alkaloids may help treat hormone-induced enlarged prostate in rats.
4 citations
,
September 2011 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” A man developed a skin cancer called folliculotropic mycosis fungoides after a kidney transplant.
January 2026 in “Immunity & Inflammation” Autoimmune skin diseases result from genetic and environmental factors disrupting immune checkpoints.
April 2025 in “ALEXMED ePosters” CXCL12 can both help and harm hair growth in alopecia areata.
January 2024 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” The study suggests that hypothyroidism may cause alopecia areata.
November 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Different types of hair loss have unique cellular changes, suggesting new treatment targets.
May 2020 in “JAAD case reports” Using anthralin and calcipotriene together might help treat tough cases of alopecia areata, but more research is needed to understand how it works.
October 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Collagen VII helps skin heal and stay strong, sirolimus may lower skin cancer risk in kidney transplant patients, high-molecular-mass hyaluronan helps naked mole rats resist cancer, dermal γδ T cells aid in hair growth in rodents, and overexpression of IL-33 in mouse skin causes itchiness, offering a model for studying allergic inflammation treatments.
75 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.