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GlossaryTerminal Hair

thick, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp and body

Terminal hair refers to the thick, coarse, and pigmented hair that develops during puberty and is found on various parts of the body, such as the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, and, in adults, the armpits and pubic region. Unlike vellus hair, which is fine and light, terminal hair is more robust and plays a role in providing protection and insulation.

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The Ludwig Pattern of Androgenetic Alopecia Is Due to a Hierarchy of Androgen Sensitivity Within Follicular Units That Leads to Selective Miniaturization and a Reduction in the Number of Terminal Hairs Per Follicular Unit

research The Ludwig pattern of androgenetic alopecia is due to a hierarchy of androgen sensitivity within follicular units that leads to selective miniaturization and a reduction in the number of terminal hairs per follicular unit

47 citations , September 2008 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Ludwig pattern hair loss in women results from varying sensitivity in hair follicles, causing fewer visible hairs.

research Reduced Linear Hair Growth Rates of Vellus and of Terminal Hairs Produced by Human Balding Scalp Grafted onto Nude Mice

23 citations , December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”

Balding scalps slow down hair growth.

research Hair regrowth in male and female pattern hair loss does not involve the conversion of vellus hair to terminal hair

14 citations , January 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Hair regrowth doesn't convert thin hairs to thick hairs, but increases overall hair density.

research Minoxidil-Induced Trichostasis Spinulosa of Terminal Hair

13 citations , December 2010 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Minoxidil use can cause trichostasis spinulosa in long-term hair loss patients.

Expression of the L-Fucose Moiety on Infrainfundibular Follicular Keratinocytes of Terminal Follicles, Its Decreased Expression on Vellus and Indeterminate Follicles of Androgenetic Alopecia, and Re-Expression in Drug-Induced Hair Regrowth

research Expression of the L-Fucose Moiety on Infrainfundibular Follicular Keratinocytes of Terminal Follicles, Its Decreased Expression on Vellus and Indeterminate Follicles of Androgenetic Alopecia, and Re-Expression in Drug-Induced Hair Regrowth

9 citations , January 1992 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Sugar molecule helps hair growth, less in balding, returns with treatment.

research An unusual terminal hair growth on the nose tip associated with gefitinib therapy

4 citations , March 2007 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Gefitinib therapy can cause unusual hair growth on the nose.

The Predictive Value of Midscalp Hair Density and Terminal Hair Percentage in the Severity Evaluation of Female Pattern Hair Loss Assessed by Trichoscan in a Sample of Chinese Population

research The Predictive Value of Midscalp Hair Density and Terminal Hair Percentage in the Severity Evaluation of FPHL Assessed by Trichoscan in a Sample of Chinese Population

1 citations , December 2022 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Midscalp hair density and terminal hair percentage are good indicators of female pattern hair loss severity.

research Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa/Dissecting Terminal Hair Folliculitis

1 citations , January 2019 in “Springer eBooks”

Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a chronic skin condition best treated early with surgery for better outcomes and less recurrence.

research Phylloid terminal hair nevus: A unique clinical entity

August 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology”

A baby had a unique skin condition with a pale patch and surrounding dark hairs, not linked to other health issues.

research The Quantification of Terminal Hair by Digital Microscopy: Advancements Towards a More Objective Diagnosis of Hirsutism

November 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Digital microscopy can help diagnose hirsutism by measuring hair growth.

research The Ludwig pattern of androgenetic alopecia is due to a hierarchy of androgen sensitivity within follicular units that leads to selective miniaturization and a reduction in the number of terminal hairs per follicular unit

January 2009 in “The Year book of dermatology”

Ludwig pattern hair loss results from varying androgen sensitivity, causing fewer thick hairs and more thin hairs.

Pattern Hair Loss: Assessment of Microinflammation in Miniaturized and Terminal Hair Follicles Through Horizontal Histologic Sections

research Pattern hair loss: Assessment of microinflammation in miniaturized and terminal hair follicles through horizontal histologic sections

11 citations , April 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Microinflammation is more intense in smaller hair follicles and may be linked to hair loss.

research Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a cream containing theStryphnodendron adstringens(Martius) Coville bark extract for suppressing terminal hair growth

9 citations , January 2009 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

The cream effectively reduces excessive hair growth and related skin issues without side effects.

research Acute Encephalomyelitis Syndromes Associated with H1N1 Influenza Vaccinations; Erythema Multiforme Secondary to H1N1 Vaccine; Cytolytic Hepatitis Possibly Related to Oral Contraceptives; Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome Associated with Lamotrigine: First Report; Behavioral Disinhibition with Baclofen; Minoxidil-Induced Trichostasis Spinulosa of Terminal Hair; Delayed-Onset Mirtazapine-Related Leukopenia

1 citations , March 2011 in “Hospital Pharmacy”

Various medications and vaccines can cause serious side effects.

research Nevus comedonicus with lesional growth of terminal hair: An unusual case

September 2024 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Nevus comedonicus can sometimes grow terminal hair, challenging previous beliefs.

research 561 Vellus-to-terminal hair follicle reconversion does occur in male pattern balding in a new humanized mouse model of androgenetic alopecia and is promoted by minoxidil and PRP

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Minoxidil and PRP can help convert miniaturized hair follicles back to normal in male pattern baldness.

Viable Terminal Scalp Hair Follicles Are Necessary and Sufficient for Clinical Efficacy of Finasteride in Male Pattern Hair Loss

research Viable terminal scalp hair follicles constitute a necessary and sufficient biological end‐organ that conditions clinical efficacy of finasteride in males with male pattern hair loss without implying reversal of miniaturized follicles

6 citations , June 2019 in “Skin Research and Technology”

Finasteride works for hair loss by maintaining existing hair follicles, not reversing miniaturization.

research Localization of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 2 (PAI-2) in Hair and Nail: Implications for Terminal Differentiation

42 citations , June 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

PAI-2 helps in the maturation and protection of hair and nail cells.

research A function for Rac1 in the terminal differentiation and pigmentation of hair

11 citations , January 2012 in “Journal of cell science”

Rac1 is essential for proper hair structure and color.

Characterization of Cell Cycle Arrest and Terminal Differentiation in a Maximally Proliferative Human Epithelial Tissue: Lessons from the Human Hair Follicle Matrix

research Characterisation of cell cycle arrest and terminal differentiation in a maximally proliferative human epithelial tissue: Lessons from the human hair follicle matrix

30 citations , April 2017 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

CIP/KIP proteins help stop cell division and support hair growth.

Hair Growth Induction by the Tellurium Immunomodulator AS101: Association with Delayed Terminal Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes and Ras-Dependent Up-Regulation of KGF Expression

research Hair growth induction by the tellurium immunomodulator AS101: association with delayed terminal differentiation of follicular keratinocytes and ras‐dependent up‐regulation of KGF expression

51 citations , December 2003 in “The FASEB Journal”

The substance AS101 can help hair grow by slowing down hair cell aging and boosting a hair growth protein.

research A function for Rac1 in the terminal differentiation and pigmentation of hair

April 2012 in “Development”

Rac1 is crucial for normal hair structure and pigmentation.

research Colocalization of Cystatin M/E and its Target Proteases Suggests a Role in Terminal Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle and Nail

22 citations , November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.

research Expression of MK6a dominant-negative and C-terminal mutant transgenes in mice has distinct phenotypic consequences in the epidermis and hair follicle

30 citations , October 1999 in “Differentiation”

Mutant MK6a transgenes in mice cause blistering, hair loss, and potential human alopecia.

research THE N- AND C-TERMINAL END GROUPS OF HAIR KERATIN

7 citations , January 1959 in “Canadian Journal of Chemistry”

Human and horse hair have similar end groups to wool and feathers.

Evidence from a Humanized Mouse Model of Androgenetic Alopecia That Platelet-Rich Plasma Stimulates Hair Regrowth, Hair Shaft Diameter, and Vellus-to-Terminal Hair Reconversion In Vivo

research Evidence from a humanized mouse model of androgenetic alopecia that platelet‐rich plasma stimulates hair regrowth, hair shaft diameter and vellus‐to‐terminal hair reconversion in vivo

March 2021 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

PRP helps hair regrowth and thickness.

research 564 Vertex and Occipital Intermediate and Terminal Hair Follicles from Androgenetic Alopecia Patients are Differentially Affected by Testosterone Ex Vivo

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Occipital hair follicles in male pattern baldness respond uniquely to testosterone, not androgen-insensitive.

Vellus-To-Terminal Hair Follicle Reconversion Occurs In Male Pattern Balding And Is Promoted By Minoxidil And Platelet-Rich Plasma: In Vivo Evidence From A New Humanized Mouse Model Of Androgenetic Alopecia

research Vellus-to-terminal Hair Follicle Reconversion Occurs in Male Pattern Balding and is Promoted by Minoxidil and Platelet-rich Plasma: In Vivo Evidence from a New Humanized Mouse Model of Androgenetic Alopecia

October 2023 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

Minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma can help turn thin hair into thicker hair in male pattern baldness.

Maintenance of Optimized Hair Growth from Viable Terminal Scalp Hair Follicles at Baseline with Oral Finasteride in Male Pattern Hair Loss and First Evidence of a Drug Dependency and a Post-Finasteride Rebound Effect

research Maintenance of optimised hair growth from viable terminal scalp hair follicles at baseline with oral finasteride in male pattern hair loss and first evidence of a “drug dependency” and a post-finasteride “rebound effect”.

4 citations , May 2019 in “Skin Research and Technology”

Finasteride helps hair growth but stopping it causes faster hair loss.

research ESDR561 – Vellus-to-terminal hair follicle reconversion does occur in male pattern balding in a new humanized mouse model of androgenetic alopecia and is promoted by minoxidil and PRP

September 2022