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The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

The AR gene is linked to male-pattern baldness, TNFSF4 to heart disease, SLC19A3 to BBGD, MCT8 to a syndrome, and segmental duplications to genetic variation.

The Dfl mutation in mice causes poor sebaceous gland function and complete hair loss.

High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.

Triptorelin helps evaluate hormone production in Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors.

A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.

Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.

DHT deficiency in rats reduces sperm content and affects testis structure over time.

A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.

The STIM1 R304W mutation in mice leads to bone changes and teeth hair growth.

A rare ovarian tumor caused early puberty signs in a 1-year-old girl, but surgery reduced hormone levels.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.

The discovery of 5α-reductase deficiency in guevedoces led to the development of important urologic medications.

A woman's male-like physical changes were caused by two rare ovarian conditions.

SV40 T antigen in hair follicles causes abnormal hair and health issues in mice.

Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.

A woman's ovarian fibroma caused high testosterone levels, which normalized after surgery.

The development of breeding tubercles in male zebrafish relies on a specific enzyme that processes hormones.

Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.

Certain genetic markers may increase or decrease prostate cancer risk.

Androgens reduce THY1 in skin cells, leading to less fat, more fibrosis, and worse healing in males.

Local testosterone treatment improved sexual desire in a female with fragile X syndrome.

Overexpressing SSAT in mice makes them highly sensitive to polyamine analogues, causing liver damage and high mortality.

Male-to-female skin grafts in mice are rejected due to sex-linked antigens.

About 50% of 46, XY DSD cases lack a genetic diagnosis, but advanced sequencing methods improve detection.

Certain HSD3B1 gene types are linked to worse prostate cancer outcomes and affect treatment response and other health conditions.

Testosterone changes important cell communication proteins in pregnant rats' uteruses, which might affect pregnancy success.

A specific gene variant is linked to severe insulin resistance and hormone imbalance in a teenage girl.

A 68-year-old woman developed male traits due to a tumor in her ovary, which was removed, returning her hormone levels to normal.