February 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” GnRH agonists can help manage recurrent priapism in sickle cell patients, but long-term safety is unclear.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
65 citations
,
March 1999 in “Urology” Finasteride didn't significantly improve ICPPS symptoms, more research needed.
March 2025 in “Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)” The testes significantly contribute to vitamin D metabolism and may affect male reproductive health and conditions like hair loss.
August 2009 in “Reactions Weekly” Finasteride caused breast enlargement in two men, which improved after stopping the medication.
22 citations
,
February 2014 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” An 81-year-old woman's severe male hormone symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which was treated with surgery.
October 1988 in “Pediatric research” Certain maturity signs appear before and after the first release of sperm in boys.
98 citations
,
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Male accessory sex glands in rats rarely develop tumors and respond to hormones.
4 citations
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January 2006 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency may disrupt rat epididymis function by affecting estrogen receptors.
31 citations
,
January 2001 in “PubMed”
April 2022 in “Diabetes Therapy” Low testosterone does not prevent prostate cancer in men with type 1 diabetes.
Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.
January 2025 in “Haematology International Journal” These ovarian conditions cause high testosterone levels.
April 2024 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” A 17-year-old girl was diagnosed with a rare ovarian tumor, emphasizing the need for fertility preservation and psychosocial care.
March 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Surgery removed ovarian tumors, normalizing testosterone and improving symptoms.
35 citations
,
November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
5 citations
,
December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
January 2026 in “Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources” Many patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia experience high anxiety and residual symptoms, needing better anxiety management.
January 2021 in “Case Reports” A 71-year-old woman developed male-like features due to high testosterone levels caused by a benign ovarian tumor, which was successfully removed by surgery.
February 2017 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride for hair loss can cause erectile dysfunction due to tissue fibrosis.
11 citations
,
November 2006 in “Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation” An alpaca acted like a male and couldn't have babies because of a benign tumor in its ovary that caused high testosterone levels.
April 2013 in “The Journal of Urology” Higher CRP levels suggest chronic inflammation is linked to bladder-related urinary symptoms in men with enlarged prostates.
December 2025 in “Cureus” SLE can occur in young males and cause knee pain.
2 citations
,
October 2016 in “European Neuropsychopharmacology”
1533 citations
,
October 2008 in “Endocrine reviews” Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.
1066 citations
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March 2010 in “Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology” MicroRNAs are crucial in controlling cell signaling, affecting cancer and tissue regeneration.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
556 citations
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September 2008 in “Genes & Development” Wnt signaling is vital for cell growth, development, and cancer research.
475 citations
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January 2016 in “International Review of Psychiatry” The document concludes that non-binary individuals need compassionate support and recognition in healthcare, without being pathologized.
370 citations
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September 1999 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair loss, but continued research is needed for better treatments.