July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.
January 2016 in “Journal of SAFOG” Girls with PCOS and menstrual disorders have notably higher androgen hormone levels.
April 2006 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.
352 citations
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January 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Most women referred for excess male hormone symptoms had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with other conditions being less common.
46 citations
,
May 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Human skin produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, influenced by ARO and StAR, which may affect skin elasticity and hair growth.
24 citations
,
November 2016 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” Hormonal imbalances, often indicating conditions like PCOS, are common in women with hard-to-treat acne, and a treatment approach addressing these imbalances may be needed.
18 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology” Women with AGA have more androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, less copper and zinc; copper imbalance affects AGA; treatment improves hormones and minerals.
16 citations
,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Over 50% of women over 50 experience hair loss, with minoxidil being the only proven effective treatment.
7 citations
,
May 1978 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Recent hair loss research shows some progress, especially in understanding male pattern baldness, but effective treatments for many types of hair loss are still lacking.
August 2025 in “Journal of Medical and Life Science” Women with PCOS in Missan Province have higher weight, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic issues.
October 2018 in “Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology” Children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have thicker heart fat and more heart and blood vessel risk factors, especially if their condition is not well-controlled.
Hormonal treatments can help with hair loss, acne, and excess hair growth, but it takes 3-6 months to see results and patients should know the possible side effects.
658 citations
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June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
193 citations
,
August 1985 in “Endocrinology” Different animals have unique versions of the enzyme that changes testosterone into another hormone, which is important for creating effective treatments for prostate and hair loss conditions.
101 citations
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April 1994 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” 5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.
93 citations
,
January 1996 in “Clinical Pharmacokinectics” Finasteride helps regrow hair and shrink prostate by reducing DHT, with some sexual side effects.
90 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
61 citations
,
January 2015 in “Hormones” Liraglutide caused significant weight loss in some obese women with PCOS, especially those with severe obesity and insulin resistance.
59 citations
,
August 1998 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Genetics and hormones cause hair loss; finasteride treats it safely.
58 citations
,
June 2000 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.
research ACNE
58 citations
,
January 1997 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Acne significantly affects mental health and quality of life, with research suggesting hormonal and genetic factors in its development and emphasizing early treatment to prevent scarring.
55 citations
,
July 1999 in “Clinics in Sports Medicine” Athletes use steroids to enhance performance despite health risks and legal issues, and education on their dangers is needed.
51 citations
,
January 2003 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” Hormones and their receptors, especially androgens, play a key role in hair growth and disorders like baldness.
45 citations
,
February 2001 in “Joint bone spine” Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.
40 citations
,
April 2008 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin and rosiglitazone both improved insulin use and hormonal symptoms in women with PCOS.
39 citations
,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride and CPA-EE2 equally reduce hirsutism, but affect hormone levels differently.
38 citations
,
October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
36 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” The review found no clear link between vitamin D receptor gene variations and polycystic ovary syndrome.
25 citations
,
October 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Both types of oral contraceptives improved symptoms and hormone levels in women with PCOS.