81 citations
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May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
49 citations
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February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
45 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
8 citations
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February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
7 citations
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January 2003 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.
111 citations
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August 2015 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” 5α-reductase inhibitors may cause persistent sexual dysfunction and depression, needing more research on long-term effects.
110 citations
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April 2002 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.
34 citations
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July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.
31 citations
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September 2008 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may cause a low incidence of erectile dysfunction that decreases over time.
30 citations
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April 2021 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire if monitored carefully.
21 citations
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October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy helped 63% of androgen-deficient women grow scalp hair, but more research is needed.
20 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of Womens Health” Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.
18 citations
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March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
17 citations
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December 2021 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Statins can reduce androgen levels and improve symptoms in women with PCOS.
9 citations
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February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
3 citations
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January 2019 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Pumpkin seed oil may help hair grow and could be an alternative treatment for male hair loss.
2 citations
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May 2019 in “PubMed” Oral finasteride and dutasteride may negatively affect erectile function in rats.
1 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
July 2015 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Androgens like testosterone affect skin health and can lead to conditions such as acne and hair loss, with various treatments available.
1040 citations
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October 1992 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Finasteride effectively treats BPH but may increase sexual dysfunction risk.
142 citations
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February 1985 in “Fertility and sterility” Spironolactone reduced hair thickness and some testosterone levels in women with excessive hair growth.
102 citations
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July 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.
90 citations
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May 2019 in “Drugs” Long-term use of azole antifungals can cause hair loss, hormonal imbalances, and severe skin reactions.
77 citations
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June 2015 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.
65 citations
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October 1999 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Finasteride effectively reduces hair loss by decreasing androgen levels.
50 citations
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August 1985 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Spironolactone reduces the enzyme activity that converts testosterone to DHT, helping treat excessive hair growth in women.
40 citations
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December 2016 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Rutin may help treat symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats.
34 citations
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May 1987 in “European Journal of Pediatrics” Buserelin safely and effectively suppresses early puberty, potentially improving final height.
19 citations
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June 1999 in “Steroids” Different halogens on progesterone derivatives can either block or mimic male hormone effects, depending on their type and amount.
14 citations
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October 2016 in “Physiological Research” Alfacalcidiol and metformin together lowered testosterone in women with PCOS, but did not significantly improve acne, hair growth, or pregnancy rates.