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Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.

Certain drugs change freshwater snail shells to a "banana" shape.

Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.

Testosterone significantly affects sexual desire in both men and women, but its impact on women is more complex and influenced by psychological factors.

Saw palmetto extract can block the enzyme that converts testosterone in pig prostate cells.

ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.

Women with PCOS have similar bone density to healthy women, but those who are obese have higher bone density at some body sites.

DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.

The conclusion is that standardizing testosterone measurement methods is essential for better diagnosis accuracy in women.

Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.

Finasteride treatment changes urine metabolomics and steroid signatures, potentially monitoring effectiveness but may cause sexual side effects.

Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.

A new system helps better diagnose and treat female androgenization conditions like PCOS.

Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.

Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.

Men, particularly those with hair loss, are more likely to get the virus, and those with prostate cancer may have milder symptoms. Testosterone's role in the disease is unclear, and the virus doesn't seem to harm male fertility. Women with PCOS might be at higher risk. More research is needed.

Women with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency can have successful pregnancies through IVF, with certain factors affecting their chances.

Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.

Low-dose ethinyl estradiol and LNG-IUD are safer contraception options for obese women with PCOS.

The study concluded that a higher waist-hip ratio significantly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS.

Cocaine impairs male sexual behavior and alters testosterone metabolism in the brain.

Low testosterone may increase COVID-19 severity in men.

A new method was created to test the effectiveness of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) inhibitors, like finasteride and dutasteride, in human and fish cells. The results showed fish cells are more sensitive to these treatments, and dutasteride works better than finasteride in all tested cells.

The woman's surgery lowered her testosterone and improved scalp hair loss but did not change her excessive body hair.

Women with a certain type of tumor had higher levels of pregnancy hormone and male hormones, which decreased after treatment.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.

Different substances that activate or block the androgen receptor can affect male development and treat conditions like prostate cancer.

Phytoandrogens from plants may help treat low testosterone naturally.