186 citations
,
February 2015 in “Frontiers in Neuroscience” Testosterone affects brain behavior in complex and varied ways.
23 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
20 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of Womens Health” Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly increase sexual desire in women with HSDD but lacks broad recommendation due to safety concerns and limited approval.
14 citations
,
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Lower testosterone levels increase kidney stone risk in men over 40.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Lifestyle changes and environmental strategies can help address declining testosterone levels.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
42 citations
,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
12 citations
,
December 2020 in “Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology” Hormone levels in hair change during pregnancy, with progesterone increasing significantly compared to non-pregnant women.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
3 citations
,
August 2021 in “Nutrition research” Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.
1 citations
,
December 2021 in “Androgens” Testosterone and its metabolites affect brain functions and could help treat neurological disorders.
April 2026 in “microPublication” Minoxidil might partially activate estrogen receptors, affecting hair growth.
January 2025 in “Biomedicines” High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.
June 2018 in “Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research” Men with lower 2nd to 4th finger ratios tend to have larger sinus volumes.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
3 citations
,
February 2023 in “Journal of Experimental Pharmacology” Kigelia africana fruit extract can prevent and reverse prostate enlargement in rats.
Collagen, curcumin, and glutathione can improve skin health in aging women with low estrogen.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A woman's rare benign tumor that released both cortisol and testosterone was successfully removed, improving her health.
November 2025 in “Journal of Medicine and Health Technology” No link between finger length ratios and color blindness was found.
62 citations
,
August 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
8 citations
,
January 1996 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Cyproterone acetate is the preferred treatment for women's hyperandrogenism when estrogen/progestogen use is safe.
2 citations
,
June 2011 in “Expert Review of Dermatology” Female pattern hair loss involves thinning hair on crown and frontal scalp, diagnosed by hair ratio, and treated with minoxidil, antiandrogens, or hair transplantation.
28 citations
,
November 2017 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Testosterone and its byproducts help support male sexual behavior through different pathways in the brain and body.
5 citations
,
May 2018 in “Therapeutic advances in drug safety” Androgen use may increase the risk of stroke, but more research is needed.
2 citations
,
August 2022 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” The new rodent model successfully mimics non-lean human PCOS symptoms.
66 citations
,
August 2007 in “Applied and environmental microbiology” The engineered yeast strain BLYAS can quickly and sensitively detect androgenic chemicals.