January 2016 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” A specific DNA sequence caused hair loss in male mice by activating immune cells and increasing a certain immune signal.
January 2011 in “Kufa Medical Journal” Minoxidil solution applied on skin can effectively promote hair growth and increase hair thickness in male mice.
May 2008 in “Trends in Urology Gynaecology & Sexual Health” Loop diuretics may double bone loss in elderly men, finasteride lowers prostate cancer risk but may increase high-grade tumors, abarelix reduces testosterone quickly, and transdermal testosterone offers minimal sexual benefit for women.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
17 citations
,
October 2013 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” Male pattern baldness may be caused by scalp pressure on hair follicles, which increases with age and leads to a cycle of hair loss. This process is not directly determined by genes.
47 citations
,
June 2016 in “JAMA Dermatology” Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.
5 citations
,
October 2010 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.
November 2022 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.
186 citations
,
February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.
59 citations
,
January 1976 in “Vitamins and hormones” Prostate cells have proteins that bind to specific hormones, which can increase protein production when activated by these hormones.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
32 citations
,
January 1990 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Women with female pattern hair loss have higher levels of certain androgens, suggesting increased androgen exposure to hair follicles.
28 citations
,
March 1942 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Male rats grow hair faster than females, and certain hormones can slow or slightly increase hair growth, but not significantly beyond natural rates.
16 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
1 citations
,
July 2016 in “Mağallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ al-ṭibb Baġdād” Women with PCOS have higher PSA levels, which are linked to increased male hormone levels and hirsutism.
January 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can lead to hair loss, with the risk increasing over time and influenced by family history.
October 2023 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” Higher testosterone and DHT levels are not linked to urinary symptoms in men.
55 citations
,
June 2012 in “Steroids” Testosterone affects vascular cells directly without converting to estradiol.
51 citations
,
November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Beard cells, unlike scalp cells, produce growth factors in response to testosterone, which may explain differences in hair growth.
42 citations
,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
10 citations
,
October 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” Finasteride doesn't affect oral testosterone undecanoate, and high DHT levels may cause acne, prostate issues, and hair loss.
6 citations
,
July 2018 in “Steroids” Testosterone changes how certain channels work in male rat reproductive tracts, affecting fertility-related fluid balance.
5 citations
,
January 2020 in “in Vivo” Testosterone changes important cell communication proteins in pregnant rats' uteruses, which might affect pregnancy success.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome” Testosterone can cause acne and male-pattern baldness, affects hair growth in men and women, and makes male skin more sensitive.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
122 citations
,
November 2014 in “BMC Medicine” Oral testosterone therapy raises heart risk more than other methods.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
66 citations
,
March 1998 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Removing a testosterone-producing tumor cured a woman's sleep apnea and other symptoms.
23 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
21 citations
,
April 1995 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Leydig cells can cause testosterone-secreting adrenal tumors in women.