168 citations
,
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.
138 citations
,
November 1974 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Males and females differ in lifespan, growth, organ size, metabolism, and brain structure, with females generally living longer and maturing earlier.
94 citations
,
August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” 17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.
89 citations
,
December 1998 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Human hair can be used to measure reproductive hormones.
65 citations
,
April 2018 in “Oncotarget” Anabolic androgenic steroids can increase cancer risk and disrupt hormones.
58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Estrogen helps keep skin healthy and may make women look younger and more attractive.
48 citations
,
April 1995 in “PubMed” Testosterone helps beard and axillary hair cells grow by releasing growth factors from dermal papilla cells.
24 citations
,
February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” The substance MK386 effectively blocked testosterone conversion and reduced cell growth in certain skin cells, but inhibiting 5α-reductase alone may not greatly improve acne.
21 citations
,
February 2003 in “Hormones and Behavior” Androgens boost certain nest-building behaviors and greatly reduce food intake in rabbits.
20 citations
,
December 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” Flutamide combined with a low-dose birth control pill effectively reduces excessive hair growth in women with polycystic ovarian disease.
15 citations
,
August 2010 in “Fertility and sterility” Metformin works better for adolescent girls with PCOS who have certain genetic variations.
11 citations
,
July 2018 in “AJGP” Low-dose oral minoxidil effectively reduces hair loss in women with female pattern hair loss.
11 citations
,
April 2018 in “Epilepsy research” Letrozole reduces seizures but not brain damage in mice.
11 citations
,
January 2014 in “CellBio” Sex steroids, especially progesterone, can slow down the growth of mouse melanoma cells.
9 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
9 citations
,
January 2009 in “PubMed” Finasteride treatment can decrease certain steroids and increase others, possibly leading to depression symptoms in some cases.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.
8 citations
,
January 2015 in “PubMed” Phyllanthus niruri extract may help treat hair loss by promoting hair growth and blocking a hair loss-related enzyme.
6 citations
,
October 2011 in “ISRN Ophthalmology” Higher testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels may help diagnose meibomian gland dysfunction.
3 citations
,
June 1981 in “PubMed” Taking hormonal contraceptives can cause skin changes, including hair loss, due to the effects of synthetic sex hormones.
2 citations
,
October 2021 in “Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health” High uric acid levels are more common in PCOS patients, especially those with androgenic PCOS, and are linked with increased cardiovascular risk and other metabolic issues.
1 citations
,
December 2023 in “Diagnostics” Accurate testosterone measurement and standardized lab practices are crucial for diagnosing and managing adult male hypogonadism.
1 citations
,
July 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Oxidative stress and immune dysfunction are linked to both Hashimoto's thyroiditis and polycystic ovary syndrome, with diet and specific treatments important for managing these conditions.
1 citations
,
October 2018 in “InTech eBooks” Ethosomes are a promising method for treating hair loss by delivering drugs directly to the scalp.
1 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Minoxidil can help transgender males grow facial hair before starting testosterone therapy.
1 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology” Testosterone plays a big role in heart and nervous system damage caused by inflammation in male rats, suggesting that blocking testosterone production could help manage this condition.
January 2026 in “Addiction Biology” Finasteride may help reduce alcohol cravings and related brain activity.
September 2025 in “Deleted Journal” Blocking androgen receptors boosts macrophages' ability to clear certain bacteria.
June 2025 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” A dissolving microneedle patch with dutasteride offers effective, long-lasting hair loss treatment with fewer side effects.
May 2025 in “Veterinary Medicine and Science” Melatonin improved reproductive function in male Pomeranian dogs with Alopecia X, but more research is needed.