166 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
33 citations
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January 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.
3 citations
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August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride doesn't change polycystic ovary size or cyst number, suggesting testosterone's role in their appearance.
September 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The reconstructed skin model from hair follicles functions like human skin in processing chemicals and can be used to test ingredient safety.
34 citations
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February 1999 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Minoxidil boosts enzymes that help hair growth.
1 citations
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January 2015 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” Some supplements and hormones can increase hair loss by raising DHT levels.
62 citations
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August 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.
49 citations
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September 1986 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hidradenitis suppurativa improves with antiandrogen therapy.
40 citations
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March 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Young women with diffuse hair loss may have low SHBG levels, which could lead to more active testosterone and contribute to their hair loss.
33 citations
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January 2017 in “Conservation physiology” Measuring reproductive hormones in brown bear hair could help identify their sex and reproductive state, but better collection methods or lab techniques are needed.
13 citations
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January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Most hirsutism patients had idiopathic hirsutism or PCOS, with hormonal imbalances and signs like acne and irregular periods.
11 citations
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November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Hormonal treatments can change hair and skin in transgender people, but may not fully achieve desired results.
10 citations
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January 2010 in “PubMed” Adjuvants, diet changes, and laser therapy may improve male pattern hair loss.
4 citations
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December 2021 in “Archivio italiano di urologia andrologia” Certain drugs, especially antiandrogens and spironolactone, significantly increase the risk of gynecomastia.
1 citations
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June 2021 in “Singapore Medical Journal” Dutasteride and finasteride can help increase hair growth gene expression but need further improvement.
1 citations
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January 2016 in “Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology” The Free Androgen Index (FAI) is the best indicator of early hair loss in men before age 30.
February 2026 in “World Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovation Sciences” Cinnamon may help improve insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS.
September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Specialized ribosomes affect aging in human skin cells.
February 2026 in “Editora Pasteur eBooks” An integrative approach combining medical, nutritional, and lifestyle changes effectively manages female pattern hair loss.
40 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Male hormones affect oil-producing skin cells differently based on their body location, and the drug spironolactone can reduce these effects.
20 citations
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January 2012 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” The document concludes that there are still unknowns about the effectiveness, risks, and detection of performance-enhancing drugs, and doping remains a challenge.
17 citations
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August 2019 in “Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases” Low testosterone in men is a risk factor for a specific heart rhythm issue, and testosterone treatment may help prevent it.
8 citations
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December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Lifestyle changes and environmental strategies can help address declining testosterone levels.
989 citations
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August 2007 in “The Lancet” PCOS is a complex condition with major health impacts, needing more research for better diagnosis and treatment.
491 citations
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July 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Polycystic ovary syndrome is found in 6.5% of unselected Caucasian women in Spain.
343 citations
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October 2015 in “Endocrine Practice” The guide recommends specific methods for diagnosing PCOS and various treatments for its symptoms, while considering the health impacts on adolescents.
298 citations
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July 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” About 6.5% of young Caucasian women in Spain have polycystic ovary syndrome.
282 citations
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October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
209 citations
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September 2008 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.