51 citations
,
July 2013 in “Brain Research” Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.
9 citations
,
August 2000 in “Journal of Periodontal Research” Finasteride reduces testosterone conversion, progesterone lessens this, and levamisole enhances finasteride's effect.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
41 citations
,
September 2010 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Both intense pulsed light and long-pulsed diode laser effectively reduced facial hair in women, with no significant difference in satisfaction after 6 months, but intense pulsed light was more painful.
January 2024 in “Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes” A low-glycemic diet improved hormone levels and well-being in overweight women with high androgen levels.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A woman's rare benign tumor that released both cortisol and testosterone was successfully removed, improving her health.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Losing weight and taking birth control pills can greatly improve severe male hormone excess in women with PCOS.
62 citations
,
December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Combining a GnRH agonist with a low-dose oral contraceptive is more effective and safer for treating hirsutism than using either alone.
39 citations
,
September 2000 in “Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America” Insulin-lowering medications show promise for PCOS symptoms but can't be the main treatment yet due to limited long-term research.
11 citations
,
February 2016 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” New treatments for prostate cancer and BPH show promise, including novel compounds that target hormone synthesis and response.
10 citations
,
November 2017 in “Dermatologic Clinics” More men are getting cosmetic procedures, mainly for aging, hair loss, and to keep masculine features, with growing interest in both surgical and noninvasive treatments.
58 citations
,
June 2000 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.
October 2019 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Menopausal acne is mainly caused by hormonal changes and can be managed with topical treatments, lifestyle changes, and sometimes medication.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
22 citations
,
June 2002 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Compounds 15, 20, and 25 are strong inhibitors of human steroid 5α-reductase type 2.
April 2025 in “The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist” Hirsutism is managed by assessing testosterone levels and using oral contraceptives, with ethical considerations on treatment access.
The document recommends a multidisciplinary approach and experience sharing to advance facial feminization surgery as a medical field.
4 citations
,
July 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The research helps understand how finasteride works and aids drug development.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “Han'gug sigpum yeong'yang gwahag hoeji/Journal of the Korean society of food science and nutrition” Eurycoma longifolia extract may help increase testosterone levels and reduce andropause symptoms.
14 citations
,
April 2024 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” 5α-reductases increase epitestosterone's effect on androgen receptors.
23 citations
,
July 2015 in “The Journal of Membrane Biology” Testosterone increases certain proteins in the uterus, reducing fluid volume.
June 2021 in “Archives of Advances in Biosciences” Finasteride reduces sperm count and quality and alters hormone levels in mice.
29 citations
,
May 1975 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Combination therapy significantly reduces testosterone and moderately reduces hair growth in women with hirsutism.
October 2022 in “Linköping University medical dissertations” The method shows hair testosterone levels reflect those in saliva, but are affected by various factors and may indicate a risk for heart attack.
42 citations
,
December 2015 in “International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics” The 0.25% finasteride solution, when applied once a day, effectively reduces scalp DHT, potentially minimizing sexual side-effects linked to a systemic DHT reduction.
6 citations
,
January 1984 in “PubMed” Spironolactone treatment reduced hair growth and androgen levels in hirsute women, but the overall effectiveness was just adequate.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
1 citations
,
April 2020 in “Medico-Legal Update” The flower extract lowered testosterone, progesterone, and related gene expression in male rats.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” A testosterone-induced hair loss model in mice was successfully created for future research and treatment testing.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.