January 2019 in “Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal” Hormonal changes and conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome are major causes of adult acne in women, with varying prevalence among different ethnicities.
October 2016 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 6%-15% of women of reproductive age, causing symptoms like acne and hair loss, and increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease; it's managed through diet, exercise, and medications like Metformin and hormonal contraceptives.
December 2010 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii” Certain genes and X chromosome patterns may significantly contribute to the development of hair loss.
January 2008 in “Humana Press eBooks” Women with PCOS have higher risks of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and endometrial cancer.
Neurosteroids help regulate oxytocin levels, especially during stress and pregnancy, to protect against premature labor.
March 2023 in “Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia” Topical minoxidil is the best-supported treatment for female hair loss, but personalized plans are needed.
3 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine” Women with PCOS have a higher risk of heart disease.
September 2025 in “Obstetrics and gynecology.” Myoinositol effectively manages PCOS with fewer side effects than metformin.
January 2022 in “Springer eBooks” November 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PRP shows promise in healing and regeneration but needs standardized protocols for consistent results.
43 citations
,
January 1999 in “Endocrinology” Cortisol increases a specific protein in bone cells, which may help explain its negative effects on bone.
13 citations
,
July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
January 2024 in “Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science” Procyanidin B2 and leucopelargonidin from Saraca asoca may help treat PCOS by balancing hormones.
Transgender patients face unique skin issues due to hormone treatments and surgeries.
20 citations
,
June 2007 in “Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery” Certain inhibitors can potentially treat prostate cancer and other hormone-dependent conditions by controlling sex hormone levels in cells.
11 citations
,
March 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Nandrolone might increase muscle mass with fewer side effects than testosterone but could cause erectile dysfunction and needs more research.
58 citations
,
June 2000 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.
43 citations
,
August 2016 in “Scientific Reports” Cinnamomi cortex may help treat prostate enlargement by reducing related proteins.
December 2014 in “Bali Medical Journal” Females have higher estrogen receptor levels in hair than males, and these levels decrease in white hair compared to black hair.
18 citations
,
April 2011 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Dihydrotestosterone causes p27 protein breakdown in ovarian and breast cancer cells by binding with SKP2.
3 citations
,
August 2021 in “Nutrition research” Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.
23 citations
,
March 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Testosterone reduces knee flexibility by affecting relaxin receptors.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
305 citations
,
February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Androgens increase growth factors in skin cells, which may lead to acne.
146 citations
,
December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.
58 citations
,
January 2003 in “Thrombosis and Haemostasis” Testosterone may slow down wound healing and increase inflammation.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.