49 citations
,
February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
60 citations
,
February 2013 in “Cell reports” The balance between androgen receptor and p53 is crucial for sebaceous gland differentiation.
10 citations
,
October 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” Finasteride doesn't affect oral testosterone undecanoate, and high DHT levels may cause acne, prostate issues, and hair loss.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome” Testosterone can cause acne and male-pattern baldness, affects hair growth in men and women, and makes male skin more sensitive.
October 2025 in “World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences” Hormonal imbalances can cause acne, excess hair growth, and hair loss in women, needing combined medical and emotional care.
October 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hormonal imbalances in women can cause acne, excess hair growth, and hair loss, needing combined medical and mental health care.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
30 citations
,
January 2015 in “BioMed Research International” Continuous light exposure in rats leads to PCOS-like symptoms and suggests sleep habits might affect the disorder's development.
14 citations
,
December 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” MENT could be a better option than testosterone for male hormone therapy and birth control because it works well at lower doses and has fewer side effects on the prostate.
1 citations
,
June 2024 in “Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología Diabetes & Metabolismo” The risks of testosterone implants in women outweigh the benefits.
5 citations
,
June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
46 citations
,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.
46 citations
,
August 1990 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.
34 citations
,
February 1993 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Certain 4-azasteroids are effective at blocking the enzyme that processes testosterone in human skin and could help treat acne, excessive hair growth, and male pattern baldness.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “Biology and medicine” High testosterone levels in 20% of the women studied may indicate PCOS, while 80% had low levels with potential health impacts.
March 2004 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.
4 citations
,
March 2017 in “Al-Mi’galaẗ al-sa'udiyaẗ lī-ulum al-ḥayaẗ” Leonuri Herba alkaloids may help treat hormone-induced enlarged prostate in rats.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” High levels of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone before pregnancy are linked to a higher risk of newborns needing intensive care.
25 citations
,
February 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Blocking SCD1 in the skin with XEN103 shrinks sebaceous glands in mice.
April 2006 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.
July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hormone treatment caused hair loss, finasteride helped regrowth.
7 citations
,
September 2014 in “Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences” Cuscuta reflexa extracts and an isolate promoted hair growth and could be natural treatments for hair loss.
June 2026 in “Research Square” The combined herbal extracts improved hair regrowth in rats.
January 2024 in “Journal of Natural Remedies” Solanum nigrum extract may help regrow hair.
11 citations
,
September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” New ABCA12 gene mutations were linked to a skin condition with scaling and hair loss, and a treatment helped with hair loss in a related case.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
116 citations
,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
21 citations
,
August 1994 in “Clinical endocrinology” 5α-Reductase inhibitors can help treat hair loss, acne, and prostate issues by reducing DHT levels.
101 citations
,
April 1994 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” 5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.