176 citations
,
August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are increased in alopecia areata, with Th2 response more strongly linked to how severe the disease is.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Scalp psoriasis features reversible hair loss and specific immune activation, with no significant hair follicle damage.
58 citations
,
July 2018 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata severity is linked to increased TH1 and TH2 activity.
1 citations
,
January 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Genetically at-risk healthy people show similar immune issues as those with Pemphigus vulgaris or Alopecia areata.
1 citations
,
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Fzd2 is important for skin and hair development through various signaling ways.
65 citations
,
December 2015 in “Experimental dermatology” Corticosteroid treatment reduces inflammation and alters hair keratins in alopecia areata.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Acne patients' skin, both with and without lesions, shows a strong immune response and higher antimicrobial activity.
21 citations
,
December 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” T-cells in alopecia areata scalp show abnormal regulation, leading to less inflammation.
37 citations
,
December 2021 in “Cells” Alopecia areata severity and treatment response are linked to specific cytokine levels.
1 citations
,
August 2023 in “Biomolecules” Certain immune-related proteins are higher in people with alopecia and their healthy relatives, hinting at a genetic link.
Scalp psoriasis inflammation is mainly caused by bacteria-related triggers.
20 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” IFN-γ and IL-2 are important for T cell activation in hair loss in mice.
11 citations
,
January 2017 in “Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity” Antroquinonol may help prevent skin depigmentation by suppressing certain immune cells.
25 citations
,
December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Targeted cytokine treatments may help with alopecia areata, but more research is needed.
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Tofacitinib regrew hair in a man with total hair loss but raised cytokine levels, needing more research on possible side effects.
January 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Small molecule DMF improves psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, adult skin cells can be made to grow new hair, certain skin cells initiate hair growth, IL-17C controls gut health and can cause skin inflammation, and skin cells produce IL-17 that can lead to psoriasis.
4 citations
,
July 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Early intervention with JAK inhibitors may prevent alopecia areata progression.
185 citations
,
August 2005 in “Autoimmunity Reviews” Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss due to the immune system attacking hair follicles, often influenced by genetics and stress.
34 citations
,
October 2011 in “Pathology Research International” Behçet's Disease may be caused by genetic and environmental factors leading to abnormal immune responses, and stress management and new treatments could improve patient outcomes.
16 citations
,
October 2020 in “Lipids in Health and Disease” Leptin affects skin and hair health and may worsen some skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand its full impact.
16 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Blocking interferon-gamma helps prevent and treat hair loss in Alopecia Areata.
January 2020 in “Der Pharmacia Lettre” Nanoparticle-based herbal remedies could be promising for treating hair loss with fewer side effects and lower cost, but more research is needed.
30 citations
,
May 2016 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” New treatments targeting immune pathways show promise for severe hair loss but need more research for safety and effectiveness.
May 2020 in “JAAD case reports” Using anthralin and calcipotriene together might help treat tough cases of alopecia areata, but more research is needed to understand how it works.
12 citations
,
March 2016 in “BBA clinical” Increased Toll-like receptors in blood cells may contribute to alopecia areata and could be a target for new treatments.
October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Targeting specific cell interactions may help treat skin fibrosis.
7 citations
,
August 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Targeting TRP channels may help reduce excessive scarring.
3 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” JAK inhibitors are effective for treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.
February 2026 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune system issues and specific cell types that disrupt hair growth, leading to hair loss.