106 citations
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January 2013 in “Clinical and Developmental Immunology” Alopecia areata is caused by immune system attacks on hair follicles, often triggered by viral infections.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The new skin-targeted COVID-19 vaccine creates strong immune responses and could improve vaccination methods.
January 2013 in “Open journal of gastroenterology” Ulcerative colitis can cause skin issues due to immune system problems.
February 2011 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Genetically repaired stem cells may treat certain genetic diseases, Th17 cells are key in fighting systemic fungal infections, hair loss in AGA is due to progenitor cell loss, and α-synuclein transfer might contribute to Parkinson's disease progression.
The CD4 protein may play a role in the behavior of certain skin cells, affecting their growth, movement, and differentiation.
155 citations
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May 2016 in “Nature communications” Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.
71 citations
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May 2019 in “Rheumatology” Tph cells are linked to the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Botulinum toxin type A significantly reduces scalp psoriasis severity compared to placebo.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Certain immune cells in atopic dermatitis skin could be targeted for treatment.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” People with atopic dermatitis have more CD4+ T cells that respond to a certain bacterial lipid, which may play a role in the skin condition's inflammation.
1 citations
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May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology” CD4 T cells can cause alopecia areata by activating CD8 T cells to attack hair follicles.
April 2026 in “Research Square” 2 citations
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April 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” T cells affect skin cell genes in inflammatory diseases, and therapy can normalize these changes.
5 citations
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June 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology” HTLV-1-associated lichenoid dermatitis (HALD) is linked to an immune response against HTLV-1-infected cells.
1 citations
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January 2021 CD4+ skin cells may be precursors to basal cell carcinoma.
27 citations
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September 1992 in “The Lancet” ICL is a condition with low CD4+ T cells like AIDS but not caused by HIV, and normal CD4+ T cell counts may vary between men and women.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Higher PD-1 levels are linked to fewer immune cells in hair follicles in alopecia areata.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” IL-17 plays a key role in severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Tissue environment greatly affects the unique epigenetic makeup of regulatory T cells, which could impact autoimmune disease treatment.
7 citations
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February 2015 in “Journal of comparative pathology” CD8+ T cells play a key role in graft-versus-host disease in certain mice models.
1 citations
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February 2025 in “Scientific Reports” CD4 is crucial for maintaining skin stem cell balance and aiding wound healing.
23 citations
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September 2020 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Targeting Vδ1+T-cells may help treat alopecia areata.
IL-18 signaling helps mature Tregs move into the thymus.
October 1984 in “Immunology Today”
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” T cells with memory features grow in number and gather around hair follicles when there are not enough immune cells.
6 citations
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May 2013 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Autoimmune reactions may cause both alopecia areata and HAM.
September 1997 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” People with acne have more CD4+ immune cells in their skin than healthy people.
48 citations
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January 2024 in “Immune Network” IL-15 is key for T cell function and could help improve treatments for immune-related diseases.
September 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Hair follicles produce IL-7, which is essential for certain skin lymphoma cells to survive.
49 citations
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August 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Psoriasis involves an imbalance between certain immune cells, and targeting these could help restore skin health.