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GlossaryThermoregulation

process of maintaining stable internal body temperature

Thermoregulation is the process by which an organism maintains its internal body temperature within a certain range, even when the surrounding temperature is different. This involves physiological mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and altering blood flow to the skin, ensuring that the body's core temperature remains stable for optimal function.

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research Obesity resistance of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-deficient (scd1 ^-/-) mouse results from disruption of the epidermal lipid barrier and adaptive thermoregulation

87 citations , March 2007 in “Biological Chemistry”

Deleting the scd1 gene in mice prevents obesity by disrupting skin lipids and improving heat regulation.

research Human scalp hair as a thermoregulatory adaptation

21 citations , June 2023 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

Tightly curled scalp hair helps reduce heat from the sun, protecting against overheating.

research Skin development in the gray short‐tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)—From skin respiration to thermoregulation

1 citations , February 2025 in “Journal of Anatomy”

Gray short-tailed opossums' skin shifts from helping with breathing to regulating body temperature as they grow.

research Anatomical, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms of thermoregulation in elephants

13 citations , September 2022 in “Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology”

Elephants use their skin, ears, and behavior to cool down, but climate change makes it harder for them.

research Somatosensory organization and behavior in naked mole‐rats: II. Peripheral structures, innervation, and selective lack of neuropeptides associated with thermoregulation and pain

101 citations , August 2003 in “Journal of comparative neurology”

Naked mole-rats have unique skin and hair nerve structures, lacking certain pain and temperature-related neuropeptides.

research Dermal white adipose tissue: a new component of the thermogenic response

92 citations , September 2015 in “Journal of Lipid Research”

Skin fat helps with body temperature control and has other active roles in health.

research Syndecan-1 Is Required to Maintain Intradermal Fat and Prevent Cold Stress

88 citations , August 2014 in “PLOS genetics”

Syndecan-1 is essential for maintaining skin fat and preventing cold stress.

research Caloric Restriction Promotes Structural and Metabolic Changes in the Skin

67 citations , September 2017 in “Cell Reports”

Caloric restriction improves skin and fur structure but can cause muscle loss and movement issues.

research The Role of Adipocytes in Tissue Regeneration and Stem Cell Niches

42 citations , May 2016 in “Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology”

Fat cells are important for tissue repair and stem cell support in various body parts.

research Adult skin acute stress responses to short‐term environmental and internal aggression from exposome factors

37 citations , June 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Adult skin quickly reacts to short-term environmental and internal stress, leading to various skin issues and the need for protective measures.

research Cidea Control of Lipid Storage and Secretion in Mouse and Human Sebaceous Glands

36 citations , March 2014 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology”

Cidea is essential for proper lipid storage and secretion in sebaceous glands, affecting skin and hair health.

research Skin: Basic Structure and Function

36 citations , January 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks”

The skin is a complex barrier that protects the body, regulates temperature, and helps with immune responses.

research Sebaceous lipids are essential for water repulsion, protection against UVB-induced apoptosis, and ocular integrity in mice

32 citations , January 2016 in “Development”

Sebaceous lipids are crucial for keeping skin and eyes healthy in mice.

research Beyond goosebumps: Does the arrector pili muscle have a role in hair loss?

31 citations , January 2014 in “International Journal of Trichology”

The arrector pili muscle might play a role in hair loss and needs more research to understand its impact.

The Hair Follicle: Functions, Self-Renewal, and Alopecic Disorders

research The Hair Follicle

28 citations , March 2016 in “Toxicologic pathology”

Dogs could be good models for studying human hair growth and hair loss.

research The regeneration of caudal epidermal specializations inLygodactylus picturatus keniensis (gekkonidae, Lacertilia)

26 citations , August 1971 in “Journal of Morphology”

Lizards can regrow their tail scales with the same structure, distribution, and gender-specific features as the original ones, and this unique ability is not seen in adult mammals.

research Environmental Influences on the Hair Follicle

12 citations , January 1981 in “Springer eBooks”

Environmental factors like temperature and nutrition affect hair growth, with humans showing seasonal hair growth differences.

research A prostaglandind-synthase-positive mast cell gradient characterizes scalp patterning

6 citations , December 2013 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Certain immune cells are more common on the top of the head and might help predict or treat common hair loss.

research Structural and Pigmentary Characteristics of the Skin in Hairless Dog Breeds

October 2025 in “International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies”

Hairless dogs have unique skin adaptations to regulate temperature and protect against environmental factors.

research Comprehensive whole-genome resequencing unveils genetic diversity and selective signatures of the Xiangdong black goat

March 2024 in “Frontiers in genetics”

Xiangdong black goats have moderate genetic diversity, minimal inbreeding, and important genes for reproduction, immunity, and other traits.

research 40 PRLR and PCCA variants associated with hair length in Brangus heifers

November 2020 in “Journal of animal science/Journal of animal science ... and ASAS reference compendium”

Certain genetic variants in PRLR and PCCA genes may lead to shorter hair in cattle, which could help with heat tolerance.

research HAIR COAT AND STEROIDAL IMPLANT EFFECTS ON STEERS GRA ZING NDOPHYTE-INFECTED TALL FESCUE DURING THE SUMMER

January 2007 in “UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)”

Steers with winter hair coats and reduced sweating struggled with heat, leading to less grazing and poor performance.

Anatomical Development of the Skin in Fetuses of Red Sokoto Goats (Capra Hircus)

research Anatomical development of the skin in foetuses of Red Sokoto goats (Capra hircus)

December 2025 in “The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology”

Red Sokoto goat fetuses develop firmer, pigmented skin with hair follicles as they grow.

research Splitting Hairs: Evaluating the Origin of Human Nakedness

March 2023 in “Journal of Student Research”

Humans likely became hairless to better regulate body temperature.

research Evolution of long scalp hair in humans

January 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Long scalp hair evolved for cooling and social signaling.

research Melatonin: A Cutaneous Perspective on its Production, Metabolism, and Functions

185 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Melatonin may benefit skin health and could be a promising treatment in dermatology.

research Anatomy and Physiology of Hair

14 citations , May 2017 in “InTech eBooks”

Hair is important for protection, social interaction, and temperature control, and is made of a growth cycle-influenced follicle and a complex shaft.