20 citations
,
December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure” The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.
29 citations
,
May 2007 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair relaxers can cause lasting scalp damage and hair loss.
12 citations
,
November 2019 in “South African Medical Journal” Lye and no-lye hair relaxers can damage skin.
8 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of analytical toxicology.” Chemical hair straightening significantly reduces detectable drug levels in hair.
August 2021 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” Using natural polyphenol cross-linkers like tannic acid and green tea extract in perm treatments improves curling and protects hair.
23 citations
,
June 2014 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Glyoxylic acid is a safer alternative to formaldehyde for hair straightening and effectively changes hair structure.
June 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Chemical hair relaxers are not proven to cause uterine cancer.
13 citations
,
March 2017 in “Skin Research and Technology” Formaldehyde damages curly hair more than glyoxylic acid.
May 2026 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” Using hair relaxers may increase breast cancer risk.
April 2025 in “BMC Chemistry” Thiadiazole chitosan conjugates improve hair manageability, moisture, and protection in conditioners.
January 2013 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” Hair perms or treatments seem safe to use up to 3 to 4 times during pregnancy.
10 citations
,
January 1994 Hair can be straightened using different chemicals, not just strong alkali.
January 2026 in “Molecules” A new perming method is less damaging to hair and works as well as traditional methods.
4 citations
,
June 2022 in “Journal of cleaner production” New eco-friendly method strengthens and sets hair using light and causes less damage.
April 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new hair perming method avoids damage and lasts longer than traditional methods.
1 citations
,
May 2013 in “PubMed” Glycylglycine makes hair softer by improving alignment and changing hair's internal properties.
4 citations
,
January 2022 in “Cosmetics” Avoid high-tension styles and use professional treatments to reduce hair damage and health risks.
November 1968 in “Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association”
September 2019 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” Plant oils and polymers can help protect African hair from damage during styling.
40 citations
,
June 2013 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Brazilian keratin treatments can straighten hair but may contain harmful formaldehyde.
June 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” Frequent use of chemical hair relaxers may increase endometrial cancer risk in Black women.
August 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” Modern hair straightening improves manageability and strength while maintaining natural waves.
16 citations
,
October 2003 in “Journal of applied polymer science” 2-iminothiorane hydrochloride improves hair waving permanence without damage.
54 citations
,
September 2000 in “Archives of dermatology” A hair-straightening product caused widespread hair loss and scalp injuries, mainly affecting African American women.
January 2010 in “Actas dermo-sifiliográficas/Actas dermo-sifiliográficas” Chemical relaxers may cause scarring alopecia in black women.
February 2022 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Permanent hair waving uses chemicals to create long-lasting curls.
3 citations
,
June 2023 in “ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering” The study found a green method for strengthening hair works on all hair colors and is eco-friendly.
October 2021 in “Authorea (Authorea)” New hair perming method using tyrosine is gentler and can be done with a blow-dryer.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Skin Research and Technology” The technique helps measure how hair styling ingredients affect hair's stiffness and flexibility.
Thermal straightening can damage ethnic hair and may pose health risks.