43 citations
,
March 2009 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” TGF-β2 plays a key role in human hair growth and development.
89 citations
,
May 2005 in “Stem Cells” Mouse skin has special cells in the epidermis that decrease with age and are linked to keratinocyte stem cells.
43 citations
,
February 2019 in “International immunology” Special immune cells called Regulatory T cells help control skin inflammation and repair in various skin diseases.
11 citations
,
February 2018 in “Oncotarget” Lower SMAD2/3 activation predicts more severe skin cancer.
5 citations
,
January 2007 in “Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology” 17β-Estradiol boosts allergic reactions and slows thymus aging in mice.
August 2025 in “International Journal of Cancer” Childhood and adult height, and early immune-related hospitalizations increase testicular cancer risk, while baldness, larger families, and sports reduce it.
21 citations
,
January 2024 in “Science Immunology” Regulatory T cells protect hair follicle stem cells by maintaining immune privilege in the skin.
April 2017 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” B cells can both help and hinder the body's defense against melanoma.
January 2024 in “Wiadomości Lekarskie” Thyroid disorders, especially autoimmune ones, are very common in the studied group.
4 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Thy-1 protein helps improve blood flow and wound healing in the skin.
50 citations
,
December 2005 in “European Journal of Immunology” RXRα is crucial for proper immune response and links diet to immune function.
32 citations
,
January 2012 in “Clinical & Developmental Immunology” Targeting CD200 could be a new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
105 citations
,
February 2010 in “Endocrinology” The skin produces and responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone, which is controlled by other thyroid-related hormones.
January 2008 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Betamethasone activates and increases the growth of certain skin cells from hair follicles.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cyclosporin A, a drug, reduces TGF-β2 expression in skin cells, potentially causing excessive hair growth through a process involving the calcineurin/NFAT pathway.
68 citations
,
December 1983 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Major histocompatibility antigens are found in specific skin cells and structures, but not in sweat glands.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are increased in alopecia areata, with Th2 response more strongly linked to how severe the disease is.
1 citations
,
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Tofacitinib helped most patients with alopecia areata regrow hair and changes in immune cells were linked to the treatment's effectiveness.
27 citations
,
November 2000 in “Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B” Iodine deficiency in lambs causes poor growth, less wool, and delayed sexual maturity.
Alopecia areata involves immune system changes, especially in severe cases, with potential new treatment targets identified.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Chronic refractory alopecia areata has more skin-resident memory T cells, and JAK inhibitors may help reduce them.
May 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The number of new cases of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma has leveled off since the early 2000s, and survival rates have improved since 1973.
35 citations
,
August 2009 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Melanocytes might be targeted by the immune system in people with alopecia areata, but more research is needed.
27 citations
,
March 2019 in “PLoS ONE” Thyroxine (T4) may help heal skin wounds by promoting new skin and blood vessel growth.
Skin changes can help predict thyroid diseases.
14 citations
,
December 2007 in “Pediatric allergy and immunology” Newborns with the common rash Erythema Toxicum have many active mast cells in their skin, but these cells don't produce the LL-37 peptide.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” IL-9/IL-9R signaling can negatively affect human hair growth and may be a target for treating hair loss conditions.
11 citations
,
December 2010 in “American journal of transplantation” Some patients developed hair loss after islet cell transplant possibly due to their immune-suppressing medications.
1 citations
,
December 2023 in “JAAD International” Mast cells may significantly contribute to central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin cells and immune cells change in a skin condition called hidradenitis suppurativa, and a certain treatment can improve these changes.