157 citations
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May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
131 citations
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September 2010 in “The Laryngoscope” Forehead modification greatly increases the perception of femininity and is a safe procedure.
59 citations
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February 2021 in “BMJ” High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.
8 citations
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April 2020 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Minoxidil, finasteride, and low-level laser light therapy are effective FDA-approved treatments for hair loss.
January 2024 in “JMIR Dermatology” Few dermatology programs mention gender-affirming care, highlighting a need for better training and visibility.
September 2023 in “Repository of the University of Primorsk (University of Primorska)” Following national healthy eating guidelines can help reduce risks from gender-affirming hormone therapy.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
August 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Australia needs better dermatological guidelines for gender-diverse patients.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
January 2024 in “Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair transplants can help transgender individuals match their appearance with their gender identity.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
28 citations
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July 2008 in “Developmental Biology” Smad4 is important for healthy hair follicles because it helps produce a protein needed for hair to stick together and grow.
6 citations
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January 2014 in “Genetics and Molecular Research” The method successfully created stable transfection donor cells for goat hair follicle research.
1 citations
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July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A 4kb fragment of the desmocollin 3 promoter targets gene expression to specific skin and hair follicle areas.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Researchers created a new mouse model for studying scleroderma.
74 citations
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June 2018 in “Cell death and disease” Restoring mitochondrial function in mice reversed their skin wrinkling and hair loss.
19 citations
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May 2001 in “Endocrinology” Mrp3 may aid in wound healing and hair growth.
184 citations
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September 2006 in “PLoS Genetics” The Apc gene is crucial for normal skin and thymus development.
144 citations
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December 2004 in “Molecular Endocrinology” The vitamin D receptor is essential for normal hair growth, even without its usual binding.
88 citations
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August 1998 in “Carcinogenesis” High levels of ODC and a mutant Ha-ras gene cause tumors in mice.
43 citations
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April 2010 in “Developmental Biology” Sebaceous glands can form new hair follicles when activated, but hair follicle bulges cannot.
108 citations
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February 2013 in “JAMA” Transgender treatment includes hormones and surgery, but long-term effects are unknown and counseling is needed.
13 citations
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March 2023 in “Cureus” Transgender individuals face insurance barriers to gender-affirming surgery, needing policy reforms for better access.
10 citations
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August 2022 in “Journal of clinical sleep medicine” Transgender youth have more sleep disorders, but gender-affirming therapy may help reduce them.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “Emergency Medicine Australasia” The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.
February 2026 in “eYLS (Yale Law School)” Denying transgender minors gender-affirming care, while allowing it for cisgender minors, is sex discrimination.
75 citations
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March 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The transgene likely activated an oncogene or interrupted a tumor suppressor gene, causing melanoma in mice.
October 2025 in “Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales” Alopecia in transgender individuals on hormone therapy can worsen emotional distress and affect self-esteem.
Hair restoration helps transgender patients achieve desired gender appearances.
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” Gender-affirming dermatology treatments generally improve mental well-being for transgender individuals, but more research is needed.