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GlossaryTranslocator Protein

protein on mitochondria involved in cholesterol transport and stress response

The Translocator Protein (TSPO), formerly known as the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor (PBR), is a protein found on the outer membrane of mitochondria, the energy-producing structures in cells. It plays a crucial role in transporting cholesterol into mitochondria, which is essential for the production of steroid hormones. TSPO is also involved in cellular stress responses and inflammation, making it a target for research in various medical fields, including neurology and oncology.

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Antidepressant-Like Effect of Fluoxetine May Depend on Translocator Protein Activity and Pretest Session Duration in Forced Swimming Test in Mice

research Antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine may depend on translocator protein activity and pretest session duration in forced swimming test in mice

7 citations , October 2017 in “Behavioural Pharmacology”

Fluoxetine's effectiveness as an antidepressant in mice depends on a specific protein activity and a 5-minute pretest.

research Cytoprotective effects of paeoniflorin are associated with translocator protein 18 kDa

3 citations , July 2018 in “Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy”

Paeoniflorin protects brain cells by involving a specific protein and neurosteroids.

research Ornithine Decarboxylase Expression Leads to Translocation and Activation of Protein Kinase CK2 in Vivo

52 citations , May 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

High ornithine decarboxylase levels may lead to hair loss and cancer by increasing CK2 activity in the nucleus.

research Overexpression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavioural effects

25 citations , June 2017 in “Neuropharmacology”

Increasing TSPO in the brain reduces anxiety and depression.

research Cyclosporin A Promotes Hair Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Modulates Protein Kinase C Expression and Translocation in Hair Epithelial Cells

45 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Cyclosporin A promotes hair cell growth and affects protein kinase C levels.

Midazolam Ameliorates the Behavioral Deficits of a Rat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model Through Dual 18 kDa Translocator Protein and Central Benzodiazepine Receptor and Neurosteroidogenesis

research Midazolam Ameliorates the Behavior Deficits of a Rat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model through Dual 18 kDa Translocator Protein and Central Benzodiazepine Receptor and Neurosteroidogenesis

56 citations , July 2014 in “PLoS ONE”

Midazolam reduces PTSD-like behavior in rats by acting on specific brain receptors.

research Human Hairless Protein Roles in Skin/Hair and Emerging Connections to Brain and Other Cancers

15 citations , May 2017 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry”

The hairless protein is important for skin, hair, and may influence cancer development.

Neurosteroidogenesis Today: Novel Targets for Neuroactive Steroid Synthesis and Action and Their Relevance for Translational Research

research Neurosteroidogenesis Today: Novel Targets for Neuroactive Steroid Synthesis and Action and Their Relevance for Translational Research

123 citations , December 2015 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology”

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

research Role of neurosteroids in the anticonvulsant activity of midazolam

28 citations , October 2011 in “British Journal of Pharmacology”

Midazolam's seizure prevention is partly due to increased neurosteroid production.

research Over-expression of TSPO in the hippocampal CA1 area alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by lipopolysaccharide in mice

18 citations , June 2016 in “Brain Research”

Increasing TSPO in the brain may help improve memory problems.

research TSPO activation modulates the effects of high pressure in a rat ex vivo glaucoma model

16 citations , September 2016 in “Neuropharmacology”

Activating TSPO helps protect the retina from damage caused by high eye pressure in glaucoma.

Benzothiazepines, Diltiazem, and JTV-519 Exert Anxiolytic-Like Effects via Neurosteroid Biosynthesis in Mice

research Benzothiazepines, diltiazem and JTV-519, exert an anxiolytic-like effect via neurosteroid biosynthesis in mice

1 citations , March 2020 in “Journal of Pharmacological Sciences”

Benzothiazepines like diltiazem reduce anxiety in mice by making neurosteroids.

research Mackerel-Derived Fermented Fish Oil Promotes Hair Growth by Anagen-Stimulating Pathways

14 citations , September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Mackerel-derived fermented fish oil helps hair grow by activating growth pathways and increasing cell proliferation.

4-O-Methylhonokiol Protects HaCaT Cells from TGF-β1-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest by Regulating Canonical and Non-Canonical Pathways of TGF-β Signaling

research 4-O-Methylhonokiol Protects HaCaT Cells from TGF-β1-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest by Regulating Canonical and Non-Canonical Pathways of TGF-β Signaling

5 citations , February 2017 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics”

4-O-Methylhonokiol helps protect skin cells from growth-stopping effects of a protein by regulating growth-related pathways.

research Secreted Frizzled-related protein 4 inhibits the regeneration of hair follicles

7 citations , January 2019 in “PeerJ”

A protein called sFRP4 can slow down hair regrowth.

research Procyanidin B-2, extracted from apples, promotes hair growth: a laboratory study

37 citations , January 2002 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Apple extract called procyanidin B-2 was found to greatly increase hair growth.

research Effects of dihydrotestosterone on rat dermal papilla cells in vitro

19 citations , April 2015 in “European Journal of Pharmacology”

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) doesn't affect rat skin cell growth, but it does change cell cycle, protein levels, and other cell functions, potentially shortening hair growth cycle.

Hair Growth-Promoting Effects of Enz MoriL on Human Dermal Papilla Cells Through Modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT Signaling Pathways

research Hair growth–promoting effects of Enz_MoriL on human dermal papilla cells through modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT signaling pathways

May 2024 in “Archives of dermatological research”

Enz_MoriL from mulberry leaves helps hair growth by affecting specific cell pathways.

Cross-Interactions of BMP and WNT Signaling Pathways Attenuate Androgen Effect on Hair Follicle Stem Cell Differentiation

research 592 Cross-interactions of BMP and WNT signaling pathways attenuate androgen effect on HFSC differentiation

September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

BMPs are important for hair growth and can counteract the negative effects of androgens on hair follicle stem cells.

A New Way to Restore Tumor Suppressor Function

research A new way to restore tumour suppressor function

August 2013 in “Nature Reviews Drug Discovery”

New treatments may restore cancer-blocking proteins, slow prostate cancer, identify drug targets, and potentially regrow hair.

research Introduction: splintering urbanism

January 2007 in “Edward Elgar eBooks”

TSPO might help treat anxiety and depression.

research Targeting receptor–regulator interactions

August 2013 in “Nature Reviews Drug Discovery”

New treatments for cancer and skin disorders show promise in disrupting harmful cell interactions and promoting hair growth.

research The reduction of selenium(IV) by boreal Pseudomonas sp. strain T5-6-I – Effects on selenium(IV) uptake in Brassica oleracea

22 citations , August 2019 in “Environmental research”

Pseudomonas sp. T5-6-I bacteria increase selenium uptake in Brassica oleracea plants by 130%.

research Chaperones as thermodynamic sensors

August 2013 in “Nature Reviews Drug Discovery”

New cancer treatments show promise in reducing tumor growth and improving skin regeneration in mice.

research Meloside A Protects Dermal Papilla Cells from DHT-Induced Damage via Androgen Receptor Modulation

June 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology”

Meloside A may help protect hair cells from damage linked to hair loss.

research Evidence for Novel Functions of the Keratin Tail Emerging from a Mutation Causing Ichthyosis Hystrix

130 citations , April 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The keratin tail is crucial for skin structure and function.

research 944 Non-coding double stranded RNA induces retinoic acid synthesis and retinoid signaling to control regeneration

April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Non-coding RNA boosts retinoic acid production and signaling, aiding regeneration.

K15 And Id3 Expression In Intact And Regenerating Adult Vibrissae Rodent Hair Follicles

research K15 & Id3 expression in intact and regenerating adult vibrissae rodent hair follicles

January 2009

K15 and Id3 are important in hair follicle regeneration, with K15 increasing in early stages and Id3 responding later.

Expression and Roles of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) Protein in Non-Classical, Extra-Adrenal, and Extra-Gonadal Cells and Tissues

research Expression and roles of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in ‘non-classical’, extra-adrenal and extra-gonadal cells and tissues

48 citations , February 2013 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology”

The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.

research UNCONVENTIONAL PROTEIN SECRETION OF KERATIN 75 BY AMELOBLASTS IN VIVO

April 2018 in “D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)”

Keratin-75 is secreted by ameloblasts in a unique way without a signal peptide.