29 citations
,
October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
May 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Sublingual minoxidil safely increases hair growth in transgender people on testosterone therapy.
81 citations
,
May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
October 2022 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that personalized hormonal treatments are important for transgender individuals and more research is needed for non-binary treatments.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
10 citations
,
October 2012 in “Andrology” Prostate cancer can progress even with low testosterone due to internal hormone production in the tumor.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
December 2012 in “http://isrctn.org/>” 43 citations
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July 2003 in “Andrology” Hormonal male contraception is effective and could be market-ready, but more research is needed to ensure safety for all ethnic groups.
10 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy in transgender patients can lead to skin changes like altered sebum production, hair growth, and acne, which may require dermatological care.
1 citations
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November 2002 in “Endocrine practice” The patient's high testosterone was reduced by a medication that suppresses gonadotropin.
September 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review” Parental support and gender-affirming care are crucial for the mental health of transgender adolescents.
January 2016 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” Treatment restored normal sexual characteristics and blood condition in a patient with testicular cancer.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
June 2021 in “Pharmaceutical sciences” Flutamide emulgel with 1% Transcutol P absorbs better through the skin than other mixtures.
49 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The combination of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is highly effective in preventing sperm production and could be a good reversible male contraceptive.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
37 citations
,
February 2013 in “Maturitas” Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.
September 2023 in “Biology of reproduction” New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.
3 citations
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October 2024 in “Advances in Therapy” Triptorelin effectively treats central precocious puberty in Chinese children with minimal side effects.
January 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Clascoterone cream effectively reduces acne severity and is safe for patients 12 and older.
17 citations
,
April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
21 citations
,
October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy helped 63% of androgen-deficient women grow scalp hair, but more research is needed.
10 citations
,
August 1990 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” High doses of cyclosporine A increase testosterone conversion, possibly boosting hair growth.
1 citations
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February 1971 in “JAMA” Triamcinolone acetonide helps scalp grafts grow hair successfully.
33 citations
,
May 1984 in “Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology” Liposomes are not better than acetone for applying DHT on skin.
166 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
December 2021 in “The Korean Society of Beauty and Art” A microneedle patch system was developed for quick, convenient, and efficient delivery of hair loss treatment drug, Finasteride.