46 citations
,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
January 2025 in “Human Reproduction Open”
2 citations
,
October 2015 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” The woman's surgery lowered her testosterone and improved scalp hair loss but did not change her excessive body hair.
4 citations
,
December 2012 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” A postmenopausal woman's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a hormone-producing ovarian tumor.
May 2021 in “Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine” A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.
January 2014 in “European Geriatric Medicine” A postmenopausal woman's virilization was caused by a rare ovarian tumor that was hard to detect but was successfully treated with surgery.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
7 citations
,
April 2011 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” A woman's virilization symptoms were caused by her partner's use of testosterone cream, which resolved after they separated.
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” Gender-affirming dermatology treatments generally improve mental well-being for transgender individuals, but more research is needed.
November 2024 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” June 1997 in “The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery” 70% of women with androgenetic alopecia can have successful hair transplants.
282 citations
,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
24 citations
,
March 2003 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgens, male hormones, play a role in both men and women's health, and testosterone therapy can help women with low levels, but it's not suitable for pregnant or lactating women, or those with certain conditions.
1 citations
,
August 2019 in “Evidence-Based Practice” Spironolactone and finasteride are equally effective for hirsutism in transgender women.
July 2025 in “AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes” Ovarian hyperthecosis caused high testosterone and virilization symptoms in a 60-year-old woman, which improved after surgery.
The case showed the need for quick investigation of virilization in women and how emotional health is linked to physical health.
September 2025 in “Journal of Medical Case Reports” Finasteride is safe and effective for hair loss in transgender men, but may affect testosterone therapy.
April 2006 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.
January 2013 in “Revista Clínica Española” A postmenopausal woman's increased male hormone levels were successfully treated with surgery.
October 1984 in “Kidney international” The patient had complex urinary tract issues and ambiguous genitalia, with physical features suggesting a hormonal imbalance.
5 citations
,
September 2022 in “Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine” Facial feminization surgery helps make facial features more feminine, improving patient satisfaction and safety.
31 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American journal of medicine” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone play a role in women's health issues like excess hair and baldness, and treatments blocking these hormones may help.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
November 2021 in “Khyber Medical University Journal” A rare ovarian tumor caused a postmenopausal woman to develop male-like features, which improved after surgery.
57 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Baldness caused by male hormones in female-to-male transsexuals doesn't increase the risk of heart disease.
4 citations
,
June 2005 in “Andrology” A woman's diabetes improved after removing ovarian tumors that caused high testosterone levels.
June 2023 in “JMIR dermatology” The conclusion is that recognizing the difference between gender identity and biological sex is crucial in dermatology to improve patient care and research accuracy.
51 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
March 2004 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.