September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
April 2024 in “Pediatric dermatology” Transgender and gender diverse youth often have skin issues like acne and scarring, but few get referred to dermatologists.
18 citations
,
May 2014 in “Menopause” A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.
20 citations
,
January 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” A woman developed male traits from accidental contact with her husband's testosterone gel.
4 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of Menopausal Medicine” Gender-affirming hormone therapy in South Korea aligns with international guidelines and has specific side effects.
3 citations
,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
37 citations
,
February 2013 in “Maturitas” Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.
September 2025 in “PubMed” Hair transplantation in women needs a personalized approach due to unique hair loss patterns and societal pressures.
October 2023 in “Paediatrics & child health” The document advises health care providers on how to support transgender and gender-diverse youth with appropriate care and referrals.
5 citations
,
June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
1 citations
,
July 2025 in “BMC Psychology” Social rejection can harm long-term mental health in transgender individuals.
August 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Oral minoxidil can effectively treat hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse individuals.
21 citations
,
December 2012 in “Maturitas” Testosterone implants in women require pharmacological dosing to be effective and are generally safe and well-tolerated.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “JAMA Dermatology” Improved access to hair removal is crucial for transgender individuals before feminizing surgeries.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.
99 citations
,
June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
2170 citations
,
September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
5 citations
,
July 2024 in “Minerva Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender individuals can increase the risk of erythrocytosis.
Facial hair is crucial for gender affirmation, but many face financial barriers to achieving desired results.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
January 2018 in “Georg Thieme Verlag eBooks” Gender affirmation surgery improves personal appearance and self-esteem.
9 citations
,
May 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” Gender affirming hormone therapy improves outcomes in gender affirmation surgery.
10 citations
,
August 2022 in “Journal of clinical sleep medicine” Transgender youth have more sleep disorders, but gender-affirming therapy may help reduce them.
September 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Sublingual minoxidil significantly improves hair growth in transgender individuals on testosterone therapy.
28 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
February 2021 in “Journal of nursing education and practice” Women and men experience different quality of life and symptom distress after kidney transplant with immunosuppressive therapy.