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GlossaryTumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

protein involved in inflammation and immune system regulation

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) is a protein produced by the immune system that plays a crucial role in inflammation and the body's response to infection. It helps regulate immune cells, but excessive production of TNF-α is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

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research Protein kinase Cepsilon is linked to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha ectodomain shedding and the development of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in protein kinase Cepsilon transgenic mice.

79 citations , October 2003 in “PubMed”

Overexpression of PKCepsilon leads to increased TNFalpha, promoting metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in mice.

research Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Clinical, Biochemical, and Molecular Genetic Study

26 citations , August 2014 in “Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers”

High levels of TNF-α may contribute to obesity and insulin resistance in PCOS, but not due to the C850T genetic variation.

Alopecia Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antagonists: Description of 52 Cases and Disproportionality Analysis in a Nationwide Pharmacovigilance Database

research Alopecia induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonists: description of 52 cases and disproportionality analysis in a nationwide pharmacovigilance database

26 citations , March 2014 in “Rheumatology”

Some drugs used to treat inflammation may cause hair loss.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interferon Gamma, and Substance P Are Novel Modulators of Extrapituitary Prolactin Expression in Human Skin

research Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interferon Gamma and Substance P Are Novel Modulators of Extrapituitary Prolactin Expression in Human Skin

24 citations , April 2013 in “PLOS ONE”

TNFα, IFNγ, and Substance P significantly affect prolactin levels in human skin, suggesting new treatments for skin and hair conditions.

research Alteration of serum and tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha levels: A possible mechanism of action of oral pulse steroids in the treatment of alopecia areata

5 citations , October 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Oral pulse steroids reduce TNF-α levels, improving alopecia areata.

research Hair Loss Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors

2 citations , January 2014 in “Journal of clinical and investigative dermatology”

Some drugs used to treat immune conditions may cause different types of hair loss.

Intralesional Methotrexate in Patchy Alopecia Areata: Trichoscopic Evaluation and Effect on Lesional Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

research Intralesional methotrexate in patchy alopecia areata: trichoscopic evaluation and effect on lesional tumour necrosis factor alpha

May 2026 in “Journal of the Egyptian Womenʼs Dermatologic Society”

Intralesional methotrexate effectively treats patchy alopecia areata by reducing inflammation.

research Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor associated psoriasiform alopecia (drug-induced psoriasiform alopecia)

April 2012 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks”

Some drugs for inflammation may cause psoriasis-like hair loss.

research Alopecia secondary to anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy

42 citations , March 2015 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia”

Anti-TNF therapy can cause hair loss and skin issues.

research Psoriatic Alopecia/Alopecia Areata‐Like Reactions Secondary to Anti‐Tumour Necrosis Factor‐Alpha Therapy

1 citations , August 2025 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

Anti-TNF therapy can cause a rare hair loss condition similar to alopecia areata.

Incidence of Adverse Cutaneous Drug Reactions in a Mexican Sample: An Exploratory Study on Their Association to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha TNF2 Allele

research Incidence of adverse cutaneous drug reactions in a Mexican sample: an exploratory study on their association to tumour necrosis factor alpha TNF2 allele

6 citations , March 2009 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Mexican patients had a lower incidence of skin reactions to drugs and no significant link between these reactions and the TNF2 gene variant.

research Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1 Antagonists Alleviate Inflammatory Skin Changes Associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Therapy in Mice

53 citations , July 2009 in “Cancer Research”

Blocking certain proteins can reduce skin inflammation caused by cancer treatment.

research Tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor-induced alopecia in pediatric patients: a cohort of 20 patients and review of the literature

3 citations , June 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Stopping TNFα inhibitors can help children regrow hair lost due to the medication.

research Scarring Alopecia in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Antagonists-Induced Scalp Psoriasis

2 citations , April 2023 in “Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis”

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent hair loss from TNFα inhibitors in scalp psoriasis.

research Detection of Serum Levels of Interleukins-17, 21, 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Patients with Patchy Alopecia Areata and Their Association with Disease Severity

September 2025 in “Diseases”

Higher levels of certain proteins in the blood are linked to more severe patchy alopecia areata.

research Supplementary material for: Microinjury-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Surge Stimulates Hair Regeneration in Mice

January 2023 in “Figshare”

Minor skin injuries can boost hair growth by increasing TNF-α.

Psoriatic Alopecia in a Patient With Crohn's Disease: An Uncommon Manifestation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors

research Psoriatic Alopecia in a Patient With Crohn Disease: An Uncommon Manifestation of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitors

April 2021 in “Cutis”

A girl with Crohn's disease developed hair loss due to her increased medication, a rare side effect seen in some children.

research Expression of transforming growth factor-β_1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in mice with radiationinduced pulmonary injury

January 2010 in “Zhongguo xiandai yixue/Zhongguo xiandai yixue zazhi”

TGF-β1 and TNF-α contribute to lung damage after radiation.

Microinjury-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Surge Stimulates Hair Regeneration in Mice

research Microinjury-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Surge Stimulates Hair Regeneration in Mice

January 2023 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

Minor injuries to hair follicles can stimulate hair growth in mice by increasing a specific protein.

research Alopesi areata hastalarında serum interferon-gama, tümör nekrozis faktör-alfa, interlökin-13, interlökin-17 ve transforming growth faktör-beta düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi

January 2016

Atopy and altered T cell functions contribute to Alopecia Areata.

research Cytokines and growth factors influence hair growth in vitro. Possible implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of alopecia areata

91 citations , March 1996 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Certain cytokines and growth factors can inhibit hair growth and may affect alopecia areata.

research Narrow-band red LED light promotes mouse hair growth through paracrine growth factors from dermal papilla

23 citations , September 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Red LED light helps mouse hair grow by increasing growth factors from skin cells.

research Effect of Ficus carica leaf extract on the gene expression of selected factors in HaCaT cells

16 citations , April 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Ficus carica leaf extract may help treat skin disorders by reducing inflammation and androgen effects in skin cells.

Pinus Thunbergii Bark Extract Rich in Flavonoids Promotes Hair Growth in Dorsal Skin by Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines and Increasing Growth Factors in Mice

research Pinus thunbergii bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice

5 citations , January 2022 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

Pine bark extract helps mice grow hair by reducing inflammation and boosting growth factors.

Collagen Hydrolysate from Mozambique Tilapia Scales Improves Hair and Skin Health

research Collagen Hydrolysate from the Scales of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Improve Hair and Skin Health by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Promoting Hair Growth and Extracellular Matrix Factors

2 citations , August 2023 in “Marine drugs”

Collagen from tilapia scales may improve hair and skin health by reducing stress and inflammation and encouraging hair growth.

research Distribution of human B-defensin 2, TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in psoriatic skin

1 citations , December 2012 in “Papers on Anthropology”

Certain proteins and cytokines are key in causing psoriatic skin issues.

research Intralesional Methotrexate for Treatment of Alopecia Areata: Clinical Evaluation and Effect on Lesional TNF Alpha

June 2023 in “QJM”

Intralesional methotrexate effectively treats alopecia areata by reducing TNF-α levels, leading to hair regrowth.

A Cellular Study of Inflammatory Responses in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An In Vitro Model of Anti-Breast Tumor Response - A Case Control Study

research A Cellular Study of Inflammatory Responses in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as: “An In vitro Model of Anti Breast Tumor Response”A Case Control Study

April 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Women with PCOS may have a reduced ability to fight breast tumor cells over time.

research Topical olive oil with downregulation of stress factors protects mice skin from precarious 3600 MHz electromagnetic radiation.

March 2020 in “The Egyptian Journal of Histology”

Topical olive oil protects mice skin from harmful electromagnetic radiation.

research Keratin 17 modulates hair follicle cycling in a TNFα-dependent fashion

169 citations , May 2006 in “Genes & Development”

Keratin 17 is crucial for normal hair growth by regulating hair cycle transitions with TNFα.