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March 1991 in “PubMed” Hormonal imbalances, including high prolactin and thyroid issues, contribute to hair growth problems in women.
31 citations
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February 2007 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Oxidation changes the structure of hair protein filaments, causing them to compact and rearrange.
Thymosin β4 helps with healing, inflammation, and organ protection.
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January 2013 in “Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin” A new compound shows promise as a topical treatment for hair loss.
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April 2000 in “Experimental dermatology” ODC transgenic mice can model human hair loss with skin lesions.
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January 2009 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” A specific thyroid hormone resistance mutation may be linked to different types of hair loss.
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August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
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January 2003 in “Dermatology” The E413K mutation in the hHb6 gene causes monilethrix, a hair disorder, but doesn't show consistent symptoms.
June 2018 in “Global Journal of Reproductive Medicine” Idiopathic hirsutism may be linked to increased skin enzyme activity, and new treatments like laser and eflornithine cream show promise.
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December 2011 in “Journal of inherited metabolic disease” Valproic acid treatment increases a specific acid in urine by blocking an enzyme, possibly causing skin rash and hair loss.
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June 1995 in “Steroids” Inhibitors of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase could potentially treat disorders like prostate cancer and baldness.
January 2026 in “Biochemical Pharmacology” 18 citations
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October 2022 in “JCI Insight” Abnormal amino acid metabolism may worsen rosacea symptoms.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alpha-MSH affects mitochondrial function, and MC1R mutations may increase skin aging.
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
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November 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” A protein called HIF-1a helps control hair growth genes and could be targeted to treat hair loss.
January 2004 in “Pharmaceutical biotechnology” Finasteride effectively inhibits the enzyme steroid 5 alpha-reductase II.
January 2008 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Betamethasone activates and increases the growth of certain skin cells from hair follicles.
64 citations
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August 2014 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” A deficiency in the TTC7A gene causes immune problems, gut issues, and hair loss.
A specific gene mutation causes monilethrix in this family, and minoxidil treatment improves hair condition.
55 citations
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November 2018 in “American journal of human genetics” Mutations in the LSS gene cause a rare type of hereditary hair loss.
38 citations
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March 1997 in “Journal of interferon & cytokine research” IL-1β inhibits human hair follicle growth.
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October 2001 in “Genes & Development” The mutated hairless gene causes hair loss by acting as a new type of corepressor affecting thyroid hormone receptors.
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December 2019 in “Molecular genetics and metabolism reports” Some children in Malaysia with symptoms have either profound or partial biotinidase deficiency, and early testing and treatment are important.
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August 2010 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Increased 11β-HSD1 activity in skin may contribute to aging and could be targeted to reduce aging effects.
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January 2005 in “Pediatric Dermatology” An 8-year-old girl with vitiligo developed extra hair growth on her knee after using tacrolimus ointment.
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July 2020 in “EMBO journal” SIRT7 protein is crucial for starting hair growth in mice.
August 2025 in “ACS Omega” New compounds show promise as nonsteroidal treatments for hair loss.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin in hair can trigger immune attacks in alopecia areata.