September 2025 in “Immunological Reviews” The skin can independently form immune responses through special structures, offering new ways to treat skin diseases.
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” miR-29a-5p prevents the formation of early hair structures by targeting a gene important for hair growth and is regulated by a complex network involving lncRNA627.1.
102 citations
,
July 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.
16 citations
,
February 2005 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Lack of Vitamin D receptor changes skin structure and increases certain immune cells in the skin.
2 citations
,
January 2011 Relaxers straighten African hair by breaking down its helical structure using strong bases.
1 citations
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January 2017 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology” Hard water increases magnesium deposits on hair without changing its structure.
113 citations
,
June 2010 in “Biological Chemistry” Cathepsin L deficiency causes large, abnormal cell structures and health issues in mice.
31 citations
,
November 1991 in “Brain Research” Aδ-LTMRs have complex synapses with glycine, while Aβ-LTMRs have simpler ones.
28 citations
,
August 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TG5 helps maintain hair follicle health, while TG3 aids in hair shaft development.
21 citations
,
May 2016 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine” MMP-2 and MMP-9 help hair grow, while their inhibitors peak when hair growth slows.
3 citations
,
December 2020 The interdigital gland in crossbred sheep is similar to skin and has specialized structures for secretion.
June 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The technique effectively shows how human skin and hair cells form into ball-like structures.
29 citations
,
July 2003 in “Experimental Dermatology” The upper hair follicle is stable, while the lower part allows movement during hair growth.
3 citations
,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Hair care products clean, protect, style, color, and change hair structure.
1 citations
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August 2025 in “European journal of medical research” Subclinical hypothyroidism in women with PCOS affects thyroid and hormone interactions but not ovary structure.
393 citations
,
November 2000 in “Archives of General Psychiatry” Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.
138 citations
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November 1974 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Males and females differ in lifespan, growth, organ size, metabolism, and brain structure, with females generally living longer and maturing earlier.
25 citations
,
October 2022 in “Ophthalmic Research” Red light therapy temporarily increased blood flow in the eye but didn't change other eye structures.
15 citations
,
May 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Different ethnic hair types have unique nanoscopic and molecular features despite having the same basic keratin structure.
13 citations
,
January 2002 in “Biological chemistry” Different conditions affect how hair proteins assemble, and certain mutations can change their structure.
3 citations
,
June 2020 in “Developmental Cell” Feather patterns are influenced by enhancers and chromatin looping, and the structure of protein complexes important for hair growth has been detailed.
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Protein tyrosine kinases are key in male pattern baldness, affecting skin structure, hair growth, and immune responses.
February 2019 in “American International Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences” The dermis of Millivora Capenesis has two layers with various connective tissues, blood vessels, glands, and sensory structures.
4 citations
,
September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology” Mutations in certain skin proteins cause severe skin issues, while others have limited effects, highlighting the need to understand these proteins for better treatments.
4 citations
,
January 1981 in “PubMed” Hair medullary cells in mammals vary in complexity, with humans having more structured cells similar to inner root sheath cells.
August 2024 in “Latin American Journal of Development” 5α-reductase enzymes are crucial in certain disorders, and while treatment advances exist, more research on SRD5A3 is needed.
36 citations
,
September 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Sweat gland stem cells help maintain glands, aid wound healing, and can regenerate skin structures.
211 citations
,
June 2012 The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
149 citations
,
September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.
93 citations
,
July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” K25, K27, and K28 are found in all inner root sheath layers of hair, while K26 is only in the cuticle.