49 citations
,
September 2004 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Careful light microscopy is crucial for detecting mild cases of pili annulati, which weakens hair and varies widely in expression.
30 citations
,
August 2016 in “Skin research and technology” 3D imaging shows clearer details of skin structure changes with age.
September 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Björnstad syndrome causes twisted hair from birth.
February 2019 in “PubMed” The research found that twisting hair fibers can show changes in stiffness and damage, and help tell apart different hair treatments.
January 1994 in “Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho” Collagen fibrils in mink skin change structure during hair growth, becoming looser and thicker in the active phase.
12 citations
,
December 2011 4 citations
,
July 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Curved human hair has different structures on its convex and concave sides.
3 citations
,
July 2019 in “Fibers And Polymers/Fibers and polymers” 55 citations
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November 2010 in “Development” Hair follicles in mutant mice self-organize into ordered patterns within a week.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
17 citations
,
September 2005 in “International Journal of Dermatology” African hair is more fragile due to its unique shape and internal structure.
7 citations
,
April 2000 in “Mammalian Genome” A new mutation in mice causes crooked whiskers and messy hair.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
Yak hair stretches mainly due to macromolecules slipping past each other.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Hair curliness is due to uneven distribution of different cortices within the hair fiber.
6 citations
,
April 2022 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology” The research identified key proteins and genes that may influence wool bending in goats.
Curly wool has more orthocortex than straight wool.
November 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy” Human hair varies in structure based on curl type, with high curl hair showing the most differences.
34 citations
,
August 1966 in “Experimental cell research” Keratin fibrils in hair form and stop growing at specific points in the follicle.
12 citations
,
January 1934 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Containing Papers of a Biological Character” Stretched hair has a similar structure to natural silk, showing hair's elasticity involves reversible changes within its molecules.
70 citations
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June 1998 in “Polymer” Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.
4 citations
,
August 2023 in “Nature Communications” Mouse zigzag hair bends form due to a 3-day cycle of changes in hair progenitors and their environment.
21 citations
,
July 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Older people's hair becomes less shiny because it gets more uneven and curved.
44 citations
,
February 2023 in “Cell” Fingerprints form uniquely before birth due to specific genetic pathways and local signals.
24 citations
,
January 1969 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Hair malformations may occur due to timing issues in hair development.
2 citations
,
January 1987 in “PubMed” Woolly hair syndrome is a genetic condition causing frizzy, fragile hair.
February 2024 in “Medicina” AFM can diagnose hair disorders by revealing detailed hair surface changes.
22 citations
,
May 2021 in “Nature Communications” Tissue stiffness affects hair follicle regeneration, and Twist1 is a key regulator.
7 citations
,
October 1963 in “Textile Research Journal” Merino wool fibers change shape with moisture, while human hair shape stays the same.