June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
68 citations
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February 2019 in “Urology” Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.
June 1998 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” Medical treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can harm sperm production, so freezing sperm before treatment is important for men who want children later.
February 2026 in “Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy” High-dose radioactive iodine therapy does not harm fertility in thyroidectomy patients.
58 citations
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March 2013 in “Human Reproduction Update” Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.