3D Bioprinting for Engineered Tissue Constructs and Patient-Specific Models: Current Progress and Prospects in Clinical Applications

Advancements in bioprinting technology are enabling the creation of complex tissue constructs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with methods like extrusion, jetting, and light-based bioprinting each offering unique benefits and challenges. Significant progress has been made in enhancing these techniques and materials, leading to more sophisticated constructs. However, challenges remain in creating clinically relevant, human-scale constructs, hindering widespread clinical application. Despite these challenges, ongoing interdisciplinary research and collaboration are rapidly advancing the field, promising personalized medical interventions and the development of functional, transplantable tissues and organs, as well as advanced in vitro models.