Adaptive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Long-Term Self-Treatment: A Review

This review explores the advancements and applications of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in healthcare, particularly for long-term self-treatment and personalized medical solutions. TENGs convert biomechanical energy into electrical energy, powering wearable medical devices and enabling continuous monitoring of physiological parameters. They are adaptable for chronic disease management, offering real-time diagnostics and treatment for conditions like cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, bacterial infections, and even hair regeneration. The review highlights the potential of TENGs in enhancing patient care through their self-powered, flexible, and biodegradable designs, while also addressing challenges such as improving power output and biosafety.