Advanced 3D/4D Bioprinting of Flexible Conductive Materials for Regenerative Medicine: From Bioinspired Design to Intelligent Regeneration
January 2026
in “
Micro
”
TLDR Bioinspired conductive materials and advanced bioprinting can improve tissue regeneration by creating smart, adaptable scaffolds.
This review discusses the integration of bioinspired conductive biomaterials with 3D/4D bioprinting in regenerative medicine, focusing on creating dynamic, responsive tissue regeneration. It introduces a framework that includes tunable conductive materials, advanced printing technologies, and functional applications in tissue engineering. The review highlights the potential of bioinspired conductive scaffolds to enhance electrophysiological behaviors and identifies multi-material 4D bioprinting as a key approach to developing smart scaffolds that adapt to physiological cues. The work emphasizes the need for AI-driven design and organ-on-a-chip validation to address challenges in vascularization, biosafety, and clinical scalability, aiming to shift from static implants to dynamic bioelectronic environments.
