Age-Related Downregulation of Dihydrotestosterone-Inactivating Enzymes in Human Scalp Sebaceous Glands

The study investigates the age-related downregulation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-inactivating enzymes, specifically the aldo–keto reductase family 1 member C (AKR1C) family, in human scalp sebaceous glands (SGs). Using various methods, including immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR, the researchers found that AKR1C expression is strong in male SGs but declines with age. AKR1C4, previously thought to be liver-specific, was also detected in SGs and hair follicles. Androgen receptor (AR) expression was primarily found in SGs and was unaffected by age, sex, or hair loss condition. The study concludes that age-related changes in SG steroid metabolism may affect local androgen metabolism, impacting hair follicle homeostasis during aging. Sulforaphane treatment was shown to upregulate AKR1C expression, suggesting potential therapeutic implications.