Atrichia With Papular Lesions in Syrian Siblings Exposing Global Diagnostic Challenges in Genetic Alopecia: A Rare Case Report

Atrichia with papular lesions is a rare genetic condition causing irreversible hair loss from infancy, often misdiagnosed due to its similarity to other alopecias. This case report describes a 4-year-old Syrian boy and his younger sister, both with complete hair loss and keratotic papules, linked to family consanguinity. A biopsy showed no mature hair follicles, confirming the diagnosis without genetic testing. The report emphasizes the diagnostic challenges in resource-limited settings and suggests a clinical framework for early identification in high-risk groups, such as consanguineous families, to improve management and provide necessary psychological support.