Biocompatible and antibacterial Flammulina velutipes-based natural hybrid cryogel to treat noncompressible hemorrhages and skin defects

The study developed a novel cryogel, HFV70, using Flammulina velutipes extract and hydroxyethyl cellulose for wound hemostasis and skin defect repair. HFV70 exhibited high porosity (95%), excellent water uptake (over 2,500%), and desirable degradation and shape memory properties. It showed improved cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility, supporting cell adhesion and proliferation, with a hemolysis rate of less than 5%. HFV70 effectively inhibited E. coli and S. aureus growth and demonstrated strong antioxidant properties with a DPPH scavenging rate of 74.55%. In vivo experiments on rats confirmed HFV70's rapid hemostatic effects and significant promotion of tissue regeneration in full-thickness skin defects, with enhanced pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. The results highlighted HFV70's potential for treating skin defects and achieving rapid hemostasis.