Biomimetic nanozymes for tumor diagnosis and treatment

Nanozymes, which mimic natural enzyme functions, offer promising advancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their stability and tunable activity. This review discusses their classification, catalytic properties, and biomimetic design strategies, particularly using exosomes to improve delivery to tumors. Nanozymes enhance diagnosis through sensitive detection and imaging of tumor biomarkers, while in therapy, they operate within the tumor microenvironment using various mechanisms like catalytic therapy and immunomodulation. Despite challenges such as biosafety and clinical translation, optimizing biomimetic designs could lead to safer and more effective nanozyme-based cancer strategies.