Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels for Wound Healing: Advances in Cellulose, Chitosan, Alginate, and Hyaluronic Acid from Design to Clinical Translation

Biopolymer-based hydrogels derived from cellulose, chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid are promising for wound healing due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. These hydrogels enhance healing by maintaining moisture, promoting cell adhesion, and providing antimicrobial protection, which accelerates tissue regeneration and collagen deposition. Recent advancements include smart hydrogels with drug delivery capabilities and multifunctional properties like antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, which are crucial for treating chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers. Despite challenges in manufacturing and clinical translation, these hydrogels show significant potential for advanced wound care, with ongoing research focusing on improving mechanical strength, biosafety, and regulatory compliance.