The Effectiveness of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Drugs in Wound Healing in Animal Models

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) show promise in enhancing wound healing due to their regenerative, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, as demonstrated in 25 animal model studies. These nanoparticles accelerate wound closure and modulate tissue repair phases, with their efficacy influenced by physicochemical characteristics and formulation components. They modulate oxidative stress and inflammation, crucial for wound healing, and their activity varies with wound pH. While they promote collagen synthesis and tissue neovascularization, their antibacterial effect is limited, and the quality of new epidermis may be inferior compared to multi-active formulations. The research underscores the need for standardized synthesis protocols and comprehensive in vivo studies to ensure reliable clinical applications, emphasizing the importance of formulation design and the potential of combining cerium oxide with other bioactive agents.