Nanoparticle-Enhanced Plant Extracts and Erythropoietin Analogues for Treating Third-Degree Burns in Rats: A Systematic Review of Regenerative Therapeutic Strategies

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of nanoparticle-mediated delivery systems in treating third-degree burns in rats, focusing on chitosan-based and metallic nanoparticles combined with plant extracts and erythropoietin analogues. The review analyzed 39 studies and found that these nanoformulations significantly enhance wound healing, reduce inflammation and bacterial loads, and promote tissue regeneration and hair follicle neogenesis. Chitosan-based nanoparticles reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial loads, while silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activity. Erythropoietin-loaded nanoparticles increased angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. Despite promising results, challenges such as nanoparticle synthesis variability and potential cytotoxicity remain, necessitating standardized preclinical models and clinical trials for effective translation to human treatments.