Immunomodulatory Potential and Biocompatibility of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites for Tissue Engineering

Chitosan–hydroxyapatite (CS-HAp) biocomposites demonstrate significant potential for tissue engineering and treating inflammatory conditions due to their excellent biocompatibility and immunomodulatory properties. These biocomposites, particularly in hydrogel form, show high cell viability and minimal cytotoxicity, effectively modulating immune responses by enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo studies, particularly in a rat dermatitis model, reveal their ability to reduce inflammation and promote tissue regeneration, making them promising for clinical applications in treating chronic inflammatory skin conditions. Despite these promising results, further research is needed to fully understand their immunomodulatory mechanisms and optimize formulations for clinical use.