Clinical Features and Treatment Options of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting melanocyte-rich tissues, primarily presenting with ocular symptoms and systemic manifestations like alopecia and vitiligo. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and advanced imaging techniques, with treatment focusing on high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Biological therapies are considered for refractory cases. The disease progresses through distinct stages, with early intervention crucial to prevent complications such as cataracts and glaucoma. Recent advancements in imaging and therapeutic strategies, including IL-6 and JAK inhibitors, are improving diagnosis and management, with artificial intelligence aiding in early detection and personalized treatment planning.