Comparative Analysis of Plant Exosomes and Human-Derived Exosomes: Structural Differences and Emerging Applications

This review compares human-derived exosomes (H-EVs) and plant-derived exosomes (P-EVs), highlighting their structural differences and applications in medicine and cosmetics. Both types exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, but H-EVs are particularly effective for targeted treatments, such as stimulating skin and hair growth. However, H-EVs face challenges in scalability and require long-term safety evaluations. In contrast, P-EVs offer cost-effective and scalable solutions for cosmetic production due to their natural ingredients. The review emphasizes the need for improved manufacturing methods, regulatory processes, and standardized production techniques.