Comparative Therapeutic Effects of Isolated Thymol from Origanum Marjoram Essential Oil Versus Betamethasone in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Alopecia Areata in Rabbits

This study investigated the effects of isolated thymol from Origanum marjoram essential oil compared to betamethasone in treating cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia areata in 50 male rabbits. Thymol, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, was formulated into a spray and applied daily for 14 days. Results showed that thymol led to rapid hair regrowth, reduced inflammation, and significant recovery of dermis thickness (1.8 ± 0.04 mm) compared to betamethasone (1.3 ± 0.02 mm). Histological analysis revealed a well-organized epidermis and abundant follicles in thymol-treated skin, with no necrosis, whereas betamethasone showed moderate improvement with some residual inflammation. The study concludes that thymol is a promising natural alternative for managing alopecia areata, with therapeutic effects comparable to or exceeding those of betamethasone.