Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: An elusive gastrointestinal disorder with multisystem involvement-pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is a rare, non-hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis disorder characterized by multisystem involvement and significant diagnostic challenges due to its overlap with more common gastrointestinal diseases. This review synthesizes current evidence on its multifactorial pathogenesis, including immune dysregulation, microbiome alterations, and potential infectious triggers. It highlights the evolving role of immunosuppressive and biologic therapies, alongside nutritional support, in managing the condition. The article proposes a structured framework to improve early recognition, guide management, and reduce long-term complications, such as malignancy.