Preparation and Evaluation of Curcumin Nanocrystals for Topical Administration: Cell Line Analysis and Histopathological Examination

This study aimed to improve curcumin skin permeability using nanocrystals prepared through a bottom-up nanoprecipitation technique. The optimized formula (F3) demonstrated small particle size (155 nm), high zeta potential (+83.8 mV), and enhanced dissolution properties (Q24h = 66.66%, DE24h = 54.97%). Chemical compatibility between curcumin and chitosan was confirmed, and transmission electron microscopy revealed semispherical particles. Ex vivo histopathological examination confirmed the biocompatibility of the curcumin nanocrystals gel, which also exhibited a potent antiproliferative effect on tested cell lines with an IC50 of 58 µg/mL. The findings suggest that curcumin nanocrystal gel is a promising system for topical delivery.